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10 August 2017, Volume 15 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of sildenafil on proliferation of human lymphatic malformations endothelial cells NING Jie-xin, HUANG Ying-ying, WANG Yi-fei, DONG Jian-yong, CAO Yi, LIU Shao-hua 2017, 15 (4):  289-294.  Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 222 )   PURPOSE: To explore the effect and mechanism of sildenafil on proliferation of human lymphatic malformations endothelial cells (HLMECs) in vitro. METHODS: Tissue block culture method was used to culture HLMECs in vitro, which were identified by immunocytochemistry (CD31 and LYVE-1). Subsequent studies were performed using third-generation cells, the cells were treated with sildenafil at the concentration of 1, 2, 5 and 10 μmol/L, respectively, cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope; cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT and EDU staining, and the expression level of vascular endothelium growth factor C (VEGFC) and its receptor VEGFR-3 was detected by Western blot. Independent-samples t test and ANOVA (LSD method) were performed using SPSS 21.0 software package for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Cells cultured by tissue block method revealed both positive CD31 and LYVE-1 staining. After treated with sildenafil, the cell morphology was changed and the density of the cells was decreased. MTT and EDU staining reflected that the cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by sildenafil at the concentration of 2 μmol/L (P<0.05). There was also decreased level of VEGFC and VEGFR-3, detected by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil could inhibit the proliferation of HLMECs in vitro. The mechanism might be relate to the regulation of VEGFC /VEGFR-3. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Annexin A1 expression on chemoagents of docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil for oral squamous cell carcinoma SUN Wen-wen, TANG Xiao, FU Yong, JU Wu-tong, LIU Ying, TAN Yi-ran, ZHU Dong-wang, MA Jie, MA Hai-long, TU Yao-yao, WANG Min, ZHONG Lai-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan 2017, 15 (4):  295-299.  Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (816KB) ( 282 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Annexin A1 expression on chemoagents of docetacel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) in oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: Annexin A1 siRNA retroviral vector was constructed and transfected into oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines to observe the effect of Annexin A1 siRNA on cellular proliferation and cellular cytotoxicity of chemoagents of TPF. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression when the cells treated with Annexin A1 intervention and chemoagents, especially on PI3K/AKT associated signal pathway as well as cellular apoptosis. SPSS 18.0 software package was used for two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Downregulation of Annexin A1 enhanced the ability of cellular proliferation, inhibited the P27kip1 expression through PI3K/AKT signal pathway, increased the sensitivity of cytotoxicity to chemoagents of TPF, and promoted cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased Annexin A1 expression promotes cell proliferation, sensitivity to chemoagents of TPF, and cell apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of conservative surgery for odontogenic cysts intruding into posterior part of maxillary sinus HU Ying-kai, YANG Chi, XU Guang-zhou, ZHENG Ling-yan 2017, 15 (4):  300-304.  Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (769KB) ( 304 )   PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of conservative surgery for odontogenic cysts (OCs) intruding into posterior part of maxillary sinus through clinical and radiological examination, as well as to discuss its superiority and validity. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with OC intruding into posterior part of maxillary sinus from December 2011 to December 2014. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed for each patient, and both evaluations had three grades of excellent, good and poor. Cases evaluated as excellent and good were considered success. Fisher's exact probability was performed to compare the effective rate of the 2 examinations with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: There were 21 cases who underwent conservative surgeries, 19 out of them came back for follow-up. The follow-up interval was from 3 months to 31 months (mean, 14.4 months). Suppurative inflammation was observed in 1 patient, and the success rate was 94.74% (18/19). Two cases presented mild facial paresthesia but recovered 3 months later. Facial asymmetry and permanent nerve damage were absent. Relapse occurred in 1 case of keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and conservative surgery was re-performed. CT images showed sinus cavity increased after surgery, and new bone formation could be seen on the sinus floor. The maxillary sinusitis disappeared or recovered significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Sinus mucosa and bony wall preservation can protect normal physiological function and contour of the maxillary sinus, leading to fewer postoperative complications and higher success rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of p75NTR ICD on anoikis resistance of tumor cells through activating NF-κB BAO Xin, SHI Jian-bo, XIE Fu-rong, XU Qin. 2017, 15 (4):  305-309.  Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (1835KB) ( 355 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of p75, ICD on anoikis resistance ability of tumor cells based on generation of an anoikis cell model, discuss the activation of related signaling pathways. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect p75, ICD expression in lymph node metastatic, non-lymph node metastatic, primary specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Western blot was used to detect the expression of p75, ICD in a pair of low-, high- metastatic potential OSCC cell lines. Poly-HEMA was used to pre-coat the cell culture dish in order to generate anoikis cell model. Over-expression of p75, ICD was conducted in tumor cells with plasmid transfection. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis level of tumor cells after suspension culture. Laser scanning confocal microscopy analysis, Western blot were performed to detect the activation of related signal pathways of tumor cells in anoikis cell model. SPSS22.0software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The positive staining of p75NTR ICD in lymph node metastatic OSCC cells was located in the cytoplasm, while on the cytomembrane in non-lymph node metastatic OSCC. The expression of p75, ICD was much higher in HN-12, which was more metastatic as well, compared with HN-4. Larger sphere was formed in HN-12anoikis cell model than in HN-4, lower apoptosis level of HN-12in anoikis cell model was observed than in HN-4. NF-κB signaling was activated in HN-12anoikis cell model, while not in HN-4. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular localization of p75, ICD in tumor cells was related to cervical lymph node metastasis. Over expression of p75NTR ICD in tumor cells shows higher anoikis resistance; p75, ICD promotes anoikis resistance through activating NF-κB signaling References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone remolding after adjacent tooth moving into alveolar cleft site repaired by tissue-engineered bone graft JIN Can, CHEN Zhen-qi, WU Jun 2017, 15 (4):  310-313.  Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (707KB) ( 265 )   PURPOSE: To study the biological effects of orthodontic tooth movement into surgical site on bone remodeling after bone graft. METHODS: Twelve SD rats were used as experimental animals. Critical size defects (CSD) were established on maxillary alveolar bone in SPF SD rats (8-week-old, 200±20g). 3D printed polycaprolactone scaffolds and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured in vitro and then were used to be grafted into CSDs as substitution of autogenous bone. Eight weeks after surgery, 3 rats were sacrificed to take samples. H-E staining was used to evaluate the osteogenesis. Meanwhile, orthodontic devices were used to move adjacent teeth into surgical area in one side, the other side was used as control. Three SD rats were sacrificed respectively 1, 3 and 7 days after treatment. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of OPN, Trap, Runx2, Rank1, OCN and VEGF between the experimental group and control group. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: H-E staining revealed abundant bone regeneration and osseous tissue was mature. RT-PCR showed that OCN expressed highest in late stage but had no significant difference between early stage and middle stage; expression of Runx2 rose from early stage to middle stage and declined to late stage; VEGF expression progressively decreased from early stage to late stage; expressions of each gene in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tissue-engineered bone employing 3D printed scaffold can successfully substitute for autogenous bone to regenerate new bone. Using orthodontic method to move adjacent tooth into surgical area can promote bone regeneration, induce osteoblast and osteoclast to remodel bone biological structure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of viability of cryopreserved human mandible and establishment of experimental bone bank HUA Hong-fei, ZHANG Wen-jie, ZHANG Wei-jie, YANG-Chi, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, WANG Shao-yi 2017, 15 (4):  314-319.  Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (1318KB) ( 365 )   PURPOSE：To establish an experimental bony tissue bank and evaluate the viability of cryopreserved human mandible, with an attempt to explore the possibilities of applying cryopreserved bone (with cryoprotectant) for reconstruction of bone defects. METHODS: Bony tissue specimens were harvested from the donors aged from 15 to 80 years old who had impacted wisdom teeth necessitating extraction in the Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Piezoelectric osteotomy was applied to acquire and pretreat the specimens, which were then packed individually with cryoprotectant and programmed cryopreserved in -80℃ refrigerator by slow-rate freezing. After registration of the necessary information, experimental bony tissue bank was set up. The cells migrated from the fragments which were subjected to a prescribed freezing period of 0, 1, 6, or 12 months were observed under inverted microscopy. Cell viability was evaluated by WST-8, and real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Runx2, ALP and OCN. Alkaline phophatase and alizarin red staining were utilized to detect the osteogenic capacity in vitro. Cell senescence was evaluated by a histochemical staining with a Senescence Detection Kit and karyotyping was performed; cell apoptosis was also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Cells could migrate from different fragments, proliferated well with no significant difference in cell senescence, cell apoptosis and osteogenic capacity in vitro (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cells derived from cryopreserved bone fragments could maintain good proliferation activity and osteogenic phenotype. It is feasible to utilize the cryopreserved bone to reconstruct bone defects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone remolding after adjacent tooth moving into alveolar cleft site repaired by tissue-engineered bone graft JIN Can, CHEN Zhen-qi, WU Jun. 2017, 15 (4):  320-323.  Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (694KB) ( 224 )   PURPOSE: To study the biological effects of orthodontic tooth movement into surgical site on bone remodeling after bone graft. METHODS: Twelve SD rats were used as experimental animals. Critical size defects (CSD) were established on maxillary alveolar bone in SPF SD rats (8-week-old, 200±20g). 3D printed polycaprolactone scaffolds and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured in vitro and then were used to be grafted into CSDs as substitution of autogenous bone. Eight weeks after surgery, 3 rats were sacrificed to take samples. H-E staining was used to evaluate the osteogenesis. Meanwhile, orthodontic devices were used to move adjacent teeth into surgical area in one side, the other side was used as control. Three SD rats were sacrificed respectively 1, 3 and 7 days after treatment. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of OPN, Trap, Runx2, Rank1, OCN and VEGF between the experimental group and control group. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: H-E staining revealed abundant bone regeneration and osseous tissue was mature. RT-PCR showed that OCN expressed highest in late stage but had no significant difference between early stage and middle stage; expression of Runx2 rose from early stage to middle stage and declined to late stage; VEGF expression progressively decreased from early stage to late stage; expressions of each gene in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tissue-engineered bone employing 3D printed scaffold can successfully substitute for autogenous bone to regenerate new bone. Using orthodontic method to move adjacent tooth into surgical area can promote bone regeneration, induce osteoblast and osteoclast to remodel bone biological structure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of conservative surgery for odontogenic cysts intruding into posterior part of maxillary sinus HU Ying-kai, YANG Chi, XU Guang-zhou, ZHENG Ling-yan 2017, 15 (4):  324-328.  Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (901KB) ( 162 )   PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of conservative surgery for odontogenic cysts (OCs) intruding into posterior part of maxillary sinus through clinical and radiological examination, as well as to discuss its superiority and validity. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with OC intruding into posterior part of maxillary sinus from December 2011 to December 2014. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed for each patient, and both evaluations had three grades of excellent, good and poor. Cases evaluated as excellent and good were considered success. Fisher's exact probability was performed to compare the effective rate of the 2 examinations with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: There were 21 cases who underwent conservative surgeries, 19 out of them came back for follow-up. The follow-up interval was from 3 months to 31 months (mean, 14.4 months). Suppurative inflammation was observed in 1 patient, and the success rate was 94.74% (18/19). Two cases presented mild facial paresthesia but recovered 3 months later. Facial asymmetry and permanent nerve damage were absent. Relapse occurred in 1 case of keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and conservative surgery was re-performed. CT images showed sinus cavity increased after surgery, and new bone formation could be seen on the sinus floor. The maxillary sinusitis disappeared or recovered significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Sinus mucosa and bony wall preservation can protect normal physiological function and contour of the maxillary sinus, leading to fewer postoperative complications and higher success rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of recanalization of maxillary and mandibular arteriovenous malformations in 4 pediatric patients HUANG Zi-xian, CHEN Yao-ting, Li Shi-hao, FAN Song, ZHANG Da-ming, WANG Yan, YAN Ling-jian, CHEN Wei-liang, HUANG Zhi-qaun 2017, 15 (4):  329-333.  Abstract ( 546 )   PDF (568KB) ( 213 )   PURPOSE: This study reviewed our experience in treating recanalization of maxillary and mandibular arteriovenous malformations in 4 pediatric patients. METHODS: Four patients with maxillary or mandibular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were included in this study. All patients had undergone multidisciplinary treatment of AVM at least 26 months before this review, including superselective intra-arterial embolization combined with bone wax packing(BWP). Computed tomographic angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed to confirm the presence of recanalization. Superselective intra-arterial embolization combined with BWP and tooth extractions were performed in the patients with AVM recanalization. RESULTS: After confirmation of the recanalization of AVM by DSA, the patients were treated with superselective intra-arterial embolization combined with BWP and tooth extractions (if necessary). All patients were followed up for 5 to 14 months, with an average of 9.5 months. The outcome for all patients was good, and no patient complained of pulsatile sensation or hemorrhage after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment for recanalization of maxillary and mandibular AVMs, reapplication of superselective intra-arterial embolization, combined with BWP, remains necessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autogenous bone grafting for treatment of osseous defect after impacted mandibular third molar extraction: A single-center randomized controlled trial GE Jing, YANG Chi, ZHENG Jia-wei, WANG Yong, HUA Hong-fei 2017, 15 (4):  335-340.  Abstract ( 314 )   PURPOSE: This randomized controlled trial was aimed to evaluate the effect of autogenous bone grafting in situ for regeneration of periodontal osseous defect distal to the M2 compared with non-grafting after removal of impacted M3. METHODS: A total of 60 sites in 51 adult patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the control group or experimental group. In both groups the M3 was extracted using a piezosurgical device, and the distal root surface of M2 was scaled and root planned. In addition, the removed alveolar bone was grinded to particles and grafted to the distal osseous defect of M2 in the experimental group. The primary outcome variable was the osseous defect depth (ODD), the secondary outcome variables were pocket probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) on the disto-buccal aspect of M2 during a 12-month follow-up period. Postoperative symptom at 7-day and adverse events were also recorded and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Six and 12 months after surgery, there was statistically significant bone fill in both groups (P<0.01). Moreover, ODD and CAL in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group at each postoperative re-entry(P<0.01). Postoperative symptom was more severe in the experimental group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The RESULTS demonstrated that scaling and root planning was beneficial to periodontal healing of M2 after impacted M3 extraction. Autogenous bone grafting for the treatment of osseous defects distal to M2 was safe and more effective than periodontal treatment alone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of clinical effect between odontogenic jaw cystic lesions undergoing open window decompression and curettage ZHAO Zhen-hua, DONG Cheng-li, HUANGFU Sheng-li, CHANG Li-jun 2017, 15 (4):  341-344.  Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (555KB) ( 309 )   PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effect of decompression and curettage in treatment of odontogenic jaw cystic lesions. METHODS: The clinical data of 144 patients with odontogenic jaw cystic lesions treated from January 2012 to January 2015 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients in group A were treated by open window decompression, while patients in group B were treated with complete curettage. Treatment outcomes and complications in 2 groups were compared with SPSS18.0 and PEMS3.1 software package. RESULTS: The operation time of group A was (36.3±5.7) min, significantly lower than that B; The incidence of postoperative pain or numbness, wound infection, recurrence were respectively 5.45%, 0% and 3.64%, significantly lower than those in group B(P<0.01); The average percentage of lesion shrinkage in group A 3 months, 6 months after operation were significantly higher than in group B (P<0.01). The total effective rate 6 months after surgery was 98.18% in group A, 84.27% in group B (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with large odontogenic cystic lesions, open window decompression is an efficacious, it is modality of less trauma, less recurrence and high safety, which is worthy of clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnostic value of cone-beam CT sialography for non-neoplastic diseases of the parotid gland DU Shi-wen, YU Chuang-qi 2017, 15 (4):  345-348.  Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (941KB) ( 386 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess cone-beam CT (CBCT) sialography in the radiodiagnosis of non-neoplastic diseases of the parotid gland. METHODS: For patients with recurrent swelling of the parotid gland, CBCT and three-dimensional reconstruction of the parotid duct were performed after routine examination. RESULTS: Of 50 patients, 30 were diagnosed as chronic obstructive parotitis, 12 were diagnosed as chronic recurrent parotitis and 8 were diagnosed as Sj?觟gren's syndrome. In these patients, CBCT sialography could clearly show the length, width, and filling defect of the parotid gland. For patients with chronic recurrent parotitis and Sj?觟gren's syndrome, CBCT sialography can display the tertiary to quaternary branches of the parotid gland clearly. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT sialography can be used in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic diseases of the parotid gland, and CBCT sialography can provide multidimensional images of the lesion of the gland and duct. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical pathological and survival analysis of 160 head and neck osteosarcoma patients WANG Yue-ping, CHEN Yi-ming, JI Tong 2017, 15 (4):  349-353.  Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (417KB) ( 241 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and histological factors of patients with head and neck osteosarcoma (HNOS) as well as the outcomes of followed-up patients. METHODS: The data were collected from HNOS patients treated in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. The variables included the patients' individual details, disease characteristics, treatment and follow up outcomes from 2007 to 2013. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty patients' clinical and pathological information were obtained, 137 were followed up. The 5-year overall survival rate was 64.96%. Primary tumor, negative surgical margin, mandible tumor, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were factors associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Negative surgical margin is important for good prognosis of patients with HNOS. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy can improve the survival. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of abnormal speech therapy after surgical repair of velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with different ages JIANG Li-ping, WANG Guo-min, YANG Yu-sheng, LIU Qiong 2017, 15 (4):  354-356.  Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (355KB) ( 302 )   PURPOSE: To compare and analyze the effect of abnormal speech therapy in different age groups, in order to select appropriate time for speech therapy after surgical repair of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). METHODS: A total of 271 patients (4-25 years old) treated with speech therapy were divided into 4 groups based on age: infant (4-6 years old), enfant (7-12 years old), juvenile (13-17 years old) and youth group (18-25 years old). All patients were trained by speech therapy after pharyngoplasty. Before and after treatment, the clarity of speech and excessive nasal tone were detected with speech test table, and 2 indexes were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: There were 62 infants, 59 enfants, 43 juveniles, and 107 youths. Speech clarity was 35.91%-98.22% in infant group, 38.11%-98.63% in enfant group, 45.59%-98.51% in juvenile group and 39.78%-98.21% in youth group. There was significant difference before therapy in each group, but no significant difference was found after therapy between each group. For excessive nasal tone, improvement of nasal tone was 70.97% in infant group, 62.71% in enfant group, 44.19% in juvenile group, and 43.93% in youth group. There was significant difference for nasal tone after treatment between each group. CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between speech clarity and age for speech therapy, but excessive nasal tone is closely related to the age. Therefore, the younger were treated with speech therapy the better RESULTS were obtained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in recurrent head and neck cancer salvage surgery ZHANG Wei, LIU Ning, CHEN Fang-wen, LI Ming-yue, QIN Zhong-ping 2017, 15 (4):  357-360.  Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (2259KB) ( 258 )   PURPOSE: To explore the value of modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in recurrent head and neck cancer salvage surgery. METHODS: Nineteen patients with locally recurrent head and neck cancer were selected and the clinical staging was rCS stage Ⅲ in 2 cases, rCS stage Ⅳ in 17 cases. Before salvage surgery, 17 patients underwent radical tumor resection and neck dissection, 16 cases received radiotherapy. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was applied to reconstruct the defects after salvage surgery. During preparation, the pectoral branches of thoracoacromial vessels and branches of lateral thoracic vessels were preserved as vascular pedicle to form bipedicled fascia vascular bundle without muscle at the origin. RESULTS: All pectoralis major muscle flaps survived. Two cases developed dehiscence: after dressing for 5 weeks, 1 case had delayed healing, 1 case had pharyngeal fistula. The vascular pedicle passed through subclavian space in 13 cases, passed over the clavicle in 6 cases. The muscle pedicle length was 15.7 cm at average; the maximum length was up to 20 cm, reaching high to the marla arch. The patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months, 10 cases survived without recurrence, 5 patients survived with tumor, 4 patients died of tumor recurrence and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The modified pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has double artery blood supply. It avoids the occurrence of local flap necrosis and its repair radius is significantly prolonged, eliminating the accessible limit of preserving lateral thoracic vessels. It has satisfactory RESULTS in recurrent head and neck cancer salvage surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Analysis of the cause of infection and treatment with medical calcium sulfate bone particle for repair of jaw cysts CHEN Yu-ting, WEI Hai-gang, ZHANG Hong-min, ZHU Mei-yu, CHEN Chun-mei 2017, 15 (4):  361-364.  Abstract ( 1204 )   PDF (591KB) ( 245 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the possible causes of infection after operation and the usefulness of medical calcium sulfate bone particles in reconstruction of jaw cysts, and propose appropriate prevention and treatment measures. METHODS: Thirty-six cases of odontogenic cysts underwent curettage and calcium sulfate bone particle implantation. All patients were examined with orthopantomography (OPT) or CT scan and 3D reconstruction to determine the location and size of the cysts. The cysts were treated with curettage and medical calcium sulfate implantation. Postoperative complications and osteogenesis were observed. RESULTS: Eight out of 36 cases with odontogenic cysts had symptoms of infection 1 week to 1 month after surgery. The main manifestations were swelling, pain and increased skin temperature. Two cases had low fever, but recovered gradually with anti-inflamation and continuous root canal drainage. Osteogenesis was satisfactory after operation. CONCLUSIONS: It Prolonged drainage time and enhanced anti-infection treatment after jaw cyst curettage and medical calcium sulfate implantation can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enucleation of facial sebaceous cyst by creating a minimal elliptical incision through a keratin-filled orifice RENAGUZI Abdumijit, CHEN Wei-liang, HUANG Zhi-quan, ABDUKEYUM Omar 2017, 15 (4):  365-367.  Abstract ( 528 )   PDF (855KB) ( 605 )   PURPOSE: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with facial sebaceous cyst enucleated by creating minimal elliptical incisions through a keratin-filled orifice. METHODS: Eleven patients with facial sebaceous cyst enucleated by creating minimal elliptical incisions through a keratin-filled orifice were reviewed, including 9 males and 2 females aged 25-52 years. The mean cyst size was 1.85 cm ×1.56 cm. RESULTS: All cysts were successfully enucleated. The mean wound length was 0.93 cm. The mean operation time was 15.2 min. The mean follow-up duration was 41.5 months. No recurrence was noted and all patients were very satisfied with their esthetic outcomes. The mean elliptical wound length was 0.93 cm (range, 0.8-1.1 cm). No evidence of wound infection, nerve or vascular injury was found. CONCLUSIONS: Enucleation of facial sebaceous cyst via a minimal elliptical incision through the keratin-filled orifice was associated with high-level patient satisfaction and the method is safe and useful for treating facial epidermoid cysts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of recanalization of maxillary and mandibular arteriovenous malformations in 4 pediatric patients HUANG Zi-xian, CHEN Yao-ting, Li Shi-hao, FAN Song, ZHANG Da-ming, WANG Yan, YAN Ling-jian, CHEN Wei-liang, HUANG Zhi-qaun 2017, 15 (4):  368-372.  Abstract ( 546 )   PDF (845KB) ( 259 )   PURPOSE: This study reviewed our experience in treating recanalization of maxillary and mandibular arteriovenous malformations in 4 pediatric patients. METHODS: Four patients with maxillary or mandibular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were included in this study. All patients had undergone multidisciplinary treatment of AVM at least 26 months before this review, including superselective intra-arterial embolization combined with bone wax packing(BWP). Computed tomographic angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed to confirm the presence of recanalization. Superselective intra-arterial embolization combined with BWP and tooth extractions were performed in the patients with AVM recanalization. RESULTS: After confirmation of the recanalization of AVM by DSA, the patients were treated with superselective intra-arterial embolization combined with BWP and tooth extractions (if necessary). All patients were followed up for 5 to 14 months, with an average of 9.5 months. The outcome for all patients was good, and no patient complained of pulsatile sensation or hemorrhage after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment for recanalization of maxillary and mandibular AVMs, reapplication of superselective intra-arterial embolization, combined with BWP, remains necessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Articles

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Research progress in root-analogue implants using 3D-printing technology XU Feng-yuan, LAI Hong-chang 2017, 15 (4):  373-376.  Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (465KB) ( 421 )   Summary Nowadays the application of 3D-printing in dentistry has gained more and more concerns. This paper focused on combining 3D-printing with computer-aided designing (CAD) to design and manufacture root-analogue implants, and reviewed the latest study focusing on the trend of development in this field. References | Related Articles | Metrics