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30 August 2017, Volume 15 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Spatiotemporal expression pattern of Fibulin-7 in the development process of murine mandibular first molars OUYANG Ning-juan, LI Hong-liang, LIN Yu-heng, LU Chen-pei, DAI Jie-wen, SHEN Guo-fang. 2017, 15 (5):  385-387.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.001 Abstract ( 607 )   PDF (2683KB) ( 334 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression patterns of Fibulin-7 in murine tooth germs of mandibular first molars at early developmental stages. METHODS: Mandible samples of C57BL/6J mice of embryonic day 15.5, postnatal day 1 and day 7 were collected. The expressions of Fibulin-7 in murine mandibular first molar germs were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: The expression of Fibulin-7 was detected and gradually increased from late bell stage till maturation of tooth germs in mandibular first molars. CONCLUSIONS: Fibulin-7 was expressed at different stages through the development of tooth germs, indicating their individual functions in the process of mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and the formation of pulp-dentin complex. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and validation of patient derived tumor cell model in mucosal melanoma of head and neck HAN Yong, SHI Chao-ji, ZHOU Rong, TAO Wen-jie, HONG Duo, LI Jiang, SUN Shu-yang, ZHANG Zhi-yuan. 2017, 15 (5):  388-391.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.002 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (3338KB) ( 416 )   PURPOSE: To establish and validate patient derived tumor cell (PDC) model from mucosal melanoma of head and neck (HNMM). METHODS: Tumor cells derived from xenografted tumor tissue of patients with mucosal melanoma of head and neck were validated by immunofluorescence staining. Patient derived tumor cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Tumor tissues originated from PDC were compared to tissue from primary tumors by H-E and immunochemistry staining. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence signal of HMB-45 and Melan-A expressed on membrane and cytoplasm of patient derived tumor cell. Patient derived tumor cell could form subcutaneous tumor in nude mice. The histology was similar between subcutaneous tumor and primary tumor under H-E and immunochemistry staining. CONCLUSIONS: Patient derived tumor cell model can be established from mucosal melanoma of head and neck and be used as a validated preclinical model for drug screening. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and clinical significance of MCM7 and HPV in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus HU Yue, LU Li, JIANG Fei-fei, DING Xiao-xu, WANG Jia-shuo, YAN Ai-hui. 2017, 15 (5):  392-396.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.003 Abstract ( 803 )   PDF (3989KB) ( 352 )   PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the expression of minichromosome maintenance protein 7(MCM7) and human papillomavirus (HPV) in squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus (MSSCC) and its relationship with the pathogenesis of this disease and clinical significance. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry method, we studied the expression of MCM7 and HPV in MSSCC (experimental group), corresponding adjacent tissues (adjacent group) and inferior turbinate mucosal tissues (control group). SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: MCM7 was located in the basal layer of the epithelium in the adjacent group and the control group, but diffusedly distributed in the MSSCC. The expression of MCM7 in control (P=0.000), adjacent (P=0.000) and experimental (P=0.000) group increased gradually. The expression of MCM7 was only related to the degree of tumor differentiation (P=0.030), and the expression of MCM7 increased gradually with the decrease of the degree of differentiation. The cells infected with HPV had no obvious regularity in the control, the adjacent or the experimental group. The infection rates of HPV in the control group， the adjacent group and the experimental group were 40.00%（4/10）,95.65%（22/23）,78.57%（33/42）, respectively. HPV infection was associated with cervical lymph node metastasis (P=0.015), but not gender (P=1.000), age (P=0.332), smoking (P=0.536), clinical stage (P=0.806) and tumor differentiation (P=0.489). The expression level of MCM7 in patients with HPV infection was significantly higher than that in the uninfected patients (P=0.007), and there was a positive correlation between them (rs=0.317, P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: MCM7 and HPV maybe correlate with the occurrence and development of MSSCC, which may have important significance for clinical treatment and prediction of prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of mTOR regulating proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma JV Hou-yu, ZHANG Li-ming, REN Guo-xin. 2017, 15 (5):  397-401.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.004 Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (3837KB) ( 304 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation of increased expression of TLR4 with poor prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and discuss the potential mechanism of mTOR regulating proliferation and metastasis of OSCC through TLR4 signaling pathway. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TLR4 in the pathological sections of 50 patients with OSCC. OSCC cell lines CAL27 was pre-treated with inhibitor of mTOR (rapamycin), then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR4 ligand. MTT was used to detect cell proliferation and transwell assay was used to detect migration of CAL27 cells. Western blot was performed to detect changes in NF-κB and MARK signaling pathway. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: Increased expression of TLR4 showed a significant correlation with poor prognosis in patients with OSCC (P<0.05). Rapamycin could inhibit cell proliferation and migration of CAL27 cells significantly after TLR4 was activated (P<0.01) .Rapamycin suppressed NF-κB and MARK signaling pathway through inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: mTOR can regulate the proliferation and metastasis of OSCC through TLR4 signaling pathway, TLR4 might be a new target for treatment of OSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study of alginate/gelatin composite hydrogel used for 3D bio-printing REN Rong, ZHANG Jian-fei, SI Jia-wen，WU Jia-sheng, LI Wei, SHI Jun. 2017, 15 (5):  402-407.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.005 Abstract ( 1630 )   PDF (4931KB) ( 1284 )   PURPOSE: Based on the physical and biological properties of natural polymer gelatin and sodium alginate and their special crosslinking characteristics, a bio-printing gel was built that can be used for 3D bio-printing. METHODS: Based on review of the literature, two kinds of sodium alginate/gelatin composite hydrogels were produced, whose mass ratio was 2:10 and 2:15, respectively. The hydrogels were studied by scanning electronic microscopic (SEM) microstructure, swelling properties and porosity via freezing-drying method. Then, the hydrogels were used for culturing ATDC-5 cells and 3D printing. RESULTS: The alginate/gelatin composite hydrogel was successfully constructed and a lump of special 3D geometrical shaped gel was constructed. The experimental results showed that 2:10, -20℃ group had more larger aperture than 2:15，-50℃ group. This kind of alginate/gelatin composite hydrogel had porosity between 60% and 82%. The swelling ratio was in the range of 660% to 740%. The composite hydrogel could be used for 3D printing and constructing certain mechanical strength of gel via bivalent cation chemical crosslinking. The mean cell viability was 95%±2.3% by 3D cell encapsulation culture for 1,3,7 days. CONCLUSIONS: This modified alginate/gelatin composite hydrogel could be used as 3D bio-printing ink and had a good application prospect, especially when the gelatin/alginate ratio was 15:2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of bone defect by using mineralized collagen materials and collagen membrane in minipig models WANG Piao, YAO Yao, ZHAO Hao, PAN Ju-li, CUI Fu-zhai，GUO Ya-juan. 2017, 15 (5):  408-412.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.006 Abstract ( 1064 )   PDF (4190KB) ( 376 )   PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and histologic outcomes of bone regeneration using two different graft materials: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) and mineralized collagen bone materials (ChiBei) with absorbable collagen membrane, thus to evaluate the effect of ChiBei on bone regeneration. METHODS: The molars of the minipig were extracted, a 10mm×10mm bone defect was created. Bone defect was filled with Bio-Oss and ChiBei respectively and with absorbable collagen membrane as well. Cone-beam CT (CBCT) was taken 12 weeks after surgery and bone samples were stained with Goldner's Trichrome. The new regenerated area was calculated by the image analysis software Image-Pro plus 6.0 and the percentages of newly formed bone were compared between two groups using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Bone defect was filled with new regenerated bone in each group. There was no significant difference in bone density between the ChiBei and Bio-Oss group on CBCT, so did the histologic analysis results. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the study, we speculated ChiBei materials covered with collagen membrane have positive effect on bone regeneration after tooth extraction, but more researches need to be carried out. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Involvement of Maspin methylation in the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma LUO Jun, WU Wei-li, YＩＮＧ Yu-kang, XU Xu-hui, ZHU Hai-qian. 2017, 15 (5):  413-415.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.007 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (2346KB) ( 250 )   PURPOSE: Explore the involvement of Maspin methylation in the proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: HIOEC-B(a)P cell line was divided into 4 groups: negative control, ADC+TSA with low (0.1 μmol/L+0.05 μmol/L), middle (1 μmol/L+0.5 μmol/L) and high (10 μmol/L+5 μmol/L) dose. Oral epithelial cells were taken as control. Methylation degree was detected by real-time PCR. The proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and DAPI staining. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: Maspin methylation was enhanced in tumor cells when compared with control group (P<0.01). Maspin methylation was decreased in middle and high dose group when compared with negative group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The inhibition ratio of cell multiplication was enhanced when compared with negative group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The apoptosis content was enhanced after incubation with ADC+TSA with a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Methylation of Maspin gene may be involved in the proliferation of oral cancer cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Crestal bone resorption during the healing period of guided bone regeneration with simultaneous implant placement in anterior aesthetic area: a prospective clinical study ZHANG Chu-nan, MO Jia-ji, QIAO Shi-chong, NI Jie, WANG Bei, GU Ying-xin. 2017, 15 (5):  416-421.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.008 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (4534KB) ( 338 )   PURPOSE: To investigate crestal bone resorption during the healing period of guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement in anterior aesthetic area. METHODS: From September 2015 to April 2016, patients received dental implants with simultaneous GBR were included in the study. Periapical film and cone-beam CT (CBCT) were acquired once the operation was finished and 6 months after surgery. Mucosal thickness (>2 mm or ≤2 mm), types of bone quality and different membrane used were also recorded. Mesial and distal marginal bone level in periapical film on the day of operation was recorded as MB1 and DB1. Bone level was recorded as MA1 and DA1　6 months after surgery. The difference of MB1/MA1 and DB1/DA1 was recorded as MD1 and DD1. MB2, DB2, MA2, DA2, MD2 and DD2 were identified on CBCT in the same way. Buccal and lingual alveolar bone loss was recorded as BD and LD. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 30 implants with GBR were analyzed. Mean MD1 and DD1 in periapical film were (1.61±1.03) mm and (1.39±0.91) mm, respectively. Median MD2, DD2, BD and LD in CBCT were 1.34 mm (0.00-2.25 mm), 0.90 mm (0.00-2.00 mm), 0.71 mm (0.00-1.41 mm), and 0.47 mm (0.00-1.49 mm), respectively. No significant correlation was observed in MB1/MB2 and DB1/DB2 (P>0.05). However, moderate correlation was observed in MA1/MA2 and DA1/DA2 (P<0.05). Results in different mucosal thickness, types of bone quality and membrane used were P=0.86, 0.02 and 0.83 in MD1 and P=0.74, 0.40 and 0.40 in DD1. CONCLUSIONS: Certain amount of peri-implant crestal bone loss was observed during the healing period of GBR with simultaneous implant placement in anterior aesthetic area. CBCT doesn't seem to be an accurate method to evaluate marginal bone level around implants. Different types of bone quality may have some impacts on crestal bone loss. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of rapid prototyping technology and high simulation dental craniofacial model surgery in surgery-first-orthodontic-approach of maxillofacial asymmetry HUANG Yue, LIN Li-song, XIE Fu-ping, WU Ye, LIN Chen-xi, HUANG Li, JIANG Yan. 2017, 15 (5):  422-426.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.009 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (3857KB) ( 181 )   PURPOSE: Rapid prototyping(RP) technology was employed to make high quality 3-dimensional head simulator, which was then precisely combined with a fine plaster cast of dental arch by facebow for model surgery to guide surgery-first-orthodontic-approach for maxillofacial asymmetry and evaluate the effect. METHODS: Five patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities underwent spiral CT scan to collect raw data, which were then inputted into rapid prototyping machine to generate 3-dimensional head-simulators. The plaster casts of dental arch were subsequently replaced with those of 3-dimensional head-simulators in the same ratio. Finally, high simulation dental craniofacial models were formed for simulating osteotomy prior to surgery, in order to assess the position and volume of osteotomy, the symmetry of chin and variation of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and surgical effect 6 months after operation. RESULTS: High simulation dental craniofacial models from 5 patients were shown to be good for predicting the effect of surgery. The 6-month follow-up results showed the patients were satisfied with their appearances without complications including TMJ disorder. CONCLUSIONS: High simulation dental craniofacial model is valuable in precisely simulating osteotomy, contributing to understand surgery-first-orthodontic-approach for maxillofacial asymmetrical patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Parathyroid hormone and vitamin D3 changes perioperative period of oral and maxillofacial surgery WANG Qiu-xu, WANG Yao, XIAO Bo-yang, LIU Wei-xian. 2017, 15 (5):  427-430.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.010 Abstract ( 478 )   PDF (3083KB) ( 301 )   PURPOSE: To observe the changes of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D3 (VitD3) and its receptor (VDR) during perioperative period of oral and maxillofacial surgery and the relationship between these changes and gender, age, operation time, and bleeding. METHODS: From July 2013 to February 2014, we recruited 116 hospitalized patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgeries in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, from whom 2 mL of fasting venous blood were collected on the second day of admission and the first morning after surgery. Patients' serum VitD3 and VDR concentrations were determined by ELISA; concentrations of Ca2+, P3-, and PTH were obtained from clinical data. SAS 9.2 software package was used for independent samples t test and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: PTH value was significantly increased after surgery, and the difference of PTH index between patients with different gender and different diseases were statistically significant. Ca2+, VitD3, and VDR values were significantly decreased postoperatively. The longer the surgery time, the higher the PTH value; the lower the Ca2+ value, the more bleeding, the higher the PTH value, the lower the Ca2+ value and the more significant was the VDR decrease. There was no significant difference in the change of PTH index between different genders. There was no correlation between the change of serum phosphate and surgery time or blood loss. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in PTH, VitD3, and Ca2+ concentrations in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery were related to gender, disease, length of surgery, and amount of intraoperative blood loss. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of serum biochemical factors and vascular crisis of free flap for reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defect YANG Liang-hui, MAI Hua-ming, WU Jia-xiao, LI Shuai, CHEN Guo-sheng, LIU Shi-qi. 2017, 15 (5):  431-434.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.011 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (3031KB) ( 268 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of serum biochemical factors on the vascular crisis of free flaps for reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent free flap transplantation for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction between January 2002 and April 2014 at the Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University were reviewed. Of the 799 patients who had free flap reconstruction, 64 free flaps had crisis, 43 were salvaged successfully and 21 were lost.　Ｓｉｘｔｙ－ｓｉｘ patients from 735 patients without crisis of free flap were selected as control group. Preoperative routine serum biochemical parameters including albumin, globin, prealbumin, fibrinogen and PT etc, were collected and analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: The results of student's t test showed that albumin in the vascular crisis group was significantly lower than that in the control group after receiving free flap transplantation.　However, fibrinogen in vascular crisis group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).　Logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinogen was a risk factor for flap vascular crisis (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Increased fibrinogen in pre operative serum may raise the risk of vascular crisis of free flap for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Irrigation using indwelling epidural catheter in inferior meatus as a treatment of maxillary sinus cyst NIU Gang, WU Ye, XIE Fu-ping，YOU Dong-dong, LIU Huan-huan, CHEN Jia-min, LIN Li-song. 2017, 15 (5):  435-437.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.012 Abstract ( 562 )   PDF (2551KB) ( 305 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of irrigation using indwelling epidural catheter in inferior meatus as a treatment of maxillary sinus cyst. METHODS: Forty-six cases with maxillary sinus cyst were collected and analyzed. Twenty-six were treated with cyst resection and radical maxillary antrotomy; while the remaining 20 cases received the cyst resection and irrigation using indwelling epidural catheter in inferior meatus. The surgical procedures and clinical outcomes between the 2 methods were compared using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: In patients who received radical maxillary antrotomy, the average length of hospital stay was 8.6 days after surgery and all patients showed varying degrees of complications: 4 cases with never palsies, 9 cases with pain, 2 cases with wound dehiscence, 2 cases had hemorrhage, and 18 cases had congestion. In another group, with the aid of irrigation using indwelling epidural catheter, minor postoperative complications, including 7 cases of swelling and 1 cases of pain, were found. CONCLUSIONS: Irrigation using indwelling epidural catheter in inferior meatus as a treatment of maxillary sinus cyst can reduce surgery-related trauma and decrease the frequency of postoperative complications. The average length of hospital stay is shortened, which is beneficial to postoperative recovery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Treatment of 7 superficial infantile hemangiomas with betaxolol hydrochloride eye drops ZHOU Yu-chuan, LING Bin, GONG Zhong-cheng, XU Ying-jie, CHEN Qing-li. 2017, 15 (5):  438-441.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.013 Abstract ( 634 )   PDF (3064KB) ( 297 )   PURPOSE: To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of betaxolol hydrochloride eye drops treatment for superficial infantile hemangiomas. METHODS: Among 31 cases with superficial infantile hemangiomas, 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with superficial infantile hemangiomas were selected　according to inclusion criteria, their age ranged from 30 days to 156 days, with an average age of 97 days. Betaxolol hydrochloride eye drops were applied on the tumor surface, 5 times per day in children older than 2 months, and 3 times per day in children less than 2 months. The changes of color, size, tension and thickness were recorded before and after treatment, and adverse reactions were observed in order to evaluate the safety of the treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, 7 patients had varying degrees of reduction and softened texture, the lesion color faded, no adverse reactions were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Betaxolol hydrochloride eye drops might be one of the effective ways to treat superficial infantile hemangiomas with less adverse reaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of elongated spherical bur in removal of impacted mandibular third molar ZHOU Yu-wen, ZHUANG Hao, CHEN Juan-ping, SHEN Hai-ping. 2017, 15 (5):  442-444.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.014 Abstract ( 482 )   PDF (2192KB) ( 377 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of elongated spherical bur in decreasing resistance of mandibular teeth and alveolar bone, during removal of impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM). METHODS: Elongated spherical bur was used to remove bone and split the crown, in order to release bone-teeth resistance in 117 IMTM. Fourteen males and 103 females were involved in this study. RESULTS: All 117 teeth were removed completely. Transient lower lip numbness appeared in 6 patients. None of the elongated spherical bur was broken. CONCLUSIONS: Elongated spherical burs can accurately decrease the resistance of mandibular teeth and alveolar bone during removal of IMTM. It is convenient to split the crown, increase the gap and remove the surrounding bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Treatment Guidelines

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Expert consensus statement on diagnosis and clinical management of osteoradionecrosis of mandible HE Yue, HOU Jin-song, LI Xiao-guang, MA Chun-yue, PENG Xin, WANG Hui-ming, WANG Song-ling, LIU Lei, LIU Bing, TIAN Lei, LIU Zhong-long, LIU Xi-qiang, XU Xin, ZHANG Dong-sheng0, JIANG Can-hua, WANG Jun, YAO Yuan, ZHU Guo-pei, BAI Yong-rui, WANG Sheng-zi, SUN Chang-fu, LI Jin-song, HE San-gang, WANG Cheng, Nabil Samman, SUN Jian, ZHANG Chen-ping, ZHANG Zhi-yuan, QIU Wei-liu. 2017, 15 (5):  445-456.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.015 Abstract ( 931 )   PDF (10612KB) ( 711 )   Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of mandible is one of the most devastating complications caused by radiation therapy in the head and neck region. It is characterized by infection and chronic necrosis of mandible as the main manifestation. Clinically, ORN of mandible related symptoms include swelling, pain, dysphagia, trismus, masticatory or speech disorder, refractory orocutaneous fistula, bone exposure, and even pathological fracture. ORN of mandible has become a challenging clinical problem for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to deal with. But so far, this problem has not been solved due to the lack of widely accepted treatment algorithms or guidelines. Since the nonexistence of standardized treatment criteria, most clinical treatment against ORN of mandible nowadays is largely based on controversial empirical understandings, while recommendations on post-therapeutic evaluations are scarce. Therefore, to further unify and standardize the standard of diagnosis and treatment of mandibular ORN, to decrease the huge waste of medical resources, and ultimately, to improve the wellbeing of the patients, the Chinese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (CSOMS) convened an expert panel specialized in ORN of mandible from 17 famous domestic medical colleges and affiliated hospitals to discuss and formulate about the spectrum of diagnosis and treatment. In addition, consensus recommendations were also revised with a comprehensive literature review of the previous treatment experiences and research pearls. This "expert consensus statement on diagnosis and clinical management of osteoradionecrosis of mandible" is for clinical references. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence-Based Medicine

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Marginal bone loss of implant-supported prostheses with and without cantilever - a systematic review and meta-analysis SHI Jun-yu, ZHANG Xiao-meng, GU Ying-xin, MO Jia-ji, QIAO Shi-chong, LAI Hong-chang. 2017, 15 (5):  457-462.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.016 Abstract ( 473 )   PDF (4635KB) ( 511 )   PURPOSE: The aim of the present review was to evaluate the clinical parameters and marginal bone loss of implant-supported prostheses with cantilever; and to assess the influence of cantilever length on the clinical parameters and marginal bone loss of implant-supported prostheses with cantilever. METHODS: PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to May 1st, 2016 for articles on implant-supported prostheses with cantilever. Meta analysis was performed for studies reporting implant success rate, implant survival rate and marginal bone loss of implant-supported prostheses with and without cantilever. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty-three titles and abstracts were retrieved from the electronic search for possible inclusion in the review. Finally, 16 studies were included. For implant-supported fixed partially prostheses, meta analysis showed no significant differences in implant survival, success and marginal bone loss. For implant-supported full arch prostheses, 10 studies reported that survival rate ranged from 97% to 100%, success rate ranged from 52% to 98% and marginal bone loss ranged from 0.23 to 1.73 mm. No unfavorable effect of cantilever length was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current evidence, implant-supported fixed partial prostheses with cantilever could be considered as a predictable treatment option. High survival rates and acceptable marginal bone loss were reported in implant-supported full arch prostheses with cantilever. The cantilever length less than 9 mm was safe in implant-supported partial prostheses, while cantilever length less than 15.6 mm was acceptable in implant-supported full arch prostheses. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Application of digital technology in teaching orthognathic and traumatic surgery YAN Guang-qi, CHUO Wen-yu, YANG Ming-liang, ZHOU Qing, LU Li. 2017, 15 (5):  463-465.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.017 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (2212KB) ( 481 )   PURPOSE: To study the value of digital technology in teaching orthognathic and trauma surgery. METHODS: Sixty-two dental undergraduates collected from China Medical University in 2009 were divided into two groups: control group and experimental group according to stratified cluster sampling (each group had 12 males and 19 females). Students in the control group were given lessons by means of traditional teaching method using multimedia slides, while students in the experimental group were given lessons combined with operation via digital software. Examination was organized for key content of teaching after class and students were asked to conduct self-evaluation of learning. SPSS17.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The difference of exam scores and self-evaluation scores between the control group and experimental group was statistically significant. Exam score of the experimental group and the control group was 73.29±8.75 and 67.29±8.96, respectively(P＜0.05); self-evaluation score of the experimental group and the control group was 8.33±0.80 and 6.33±1.13, respectively(P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Application of digital technology in teaching orthognathic surgery and traumatic surgery was helpful to improve students' learning interest and strengthen their clinical knowledge, which is worthy of wide application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Articles

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Causes of cardiovascular collapse during ethanol embolization of vascular malformations WANG Zhen-feng, FAN Xin-dong. 2017, 15 (5):  466-468.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.018 Abstract ( 632 )   PDF (2275KB) ( 428 )   Ethanol embolization has been widely recognized as an effective treatment of vascular malformations. However, some complications can occur by ethanol embolization. Cardiovascular collapse is an extremely rare but serious complication. This article was aimed to summarize the cases in whom cardiovascular collapse caused by ethanol embolization of vascular malformations, and analyze the possible causes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on reconstruction of skin defect of the cheek YANG Jie， ZHANG Chen-ping. 2017, 15 (5):  469-474.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.019 Abstract ( 528 )   PDF (5105KB) ( 430 )   Reconstruction of the cheek presents a challenge due to its exposed location and relatively limited amount of tissue. At the same time, as the largest aesthetic subunit of the face, the cheek is adjacent to the nose, eyes, lips, mouth and other important facial organs. Reconstruction of defects should be guaranteed with high quality while the shape and function of surrounding organs are not affected heavily. According to the size, level, location of the defects, oral and maxillofacial surgeons need to choose ideal methods, so as to achieve desired functional and aesthetic outcomes. This article reviewed different ways of reconstruction of skin defects of the cheek. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Free latissimus dorsi flap for maxillofacial reconstruction of soft tissue defect with bilateral superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass in moyamoya disease: report of one case YANG Shao-bin, YANG Guang-hui, ZHUANG Meng-jiao, XUE Jiao, PANG Bao-xing, YUAN Rong-tao. 2017, 15 (5):  475-477.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.020 Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (2560KB) ( 310 )   Reconstruction of massive maxillofacial soft tissue defect needs free flap such as latissimus dorsi flap which can provide 20 cm×15 cm of soft tissue for repair. We reported a woman who presented with massive traumatic soft tissue defect with exposure of the skull, zygoma, and endocranium due to moyamoya disease history. She suffered from intracranial hemorrhage which caused neural damage and left limb dyskinesia. She underwent bilateral extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery. She was at risk of recurrent hemorrhage.We used free latissimus dorsi flap to reconstruct the defect successfully and avoided severe intracranial complication that might happen. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mandibular osteosarcoma with contralateral osteomyelitis: report of a case and literature review SUN Jun-wei, LUO Dan, WANG Sheng-zhi. 2017, 15 (5):  478-480.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2017.05.021 Abstract ( 487 )   PDF (2177KB) ( 280 )   Mandibular osteosarcoma is a rare condition, and even exceedingly rare concurrent with contralateral osteomyelitis. This article reported a rare case of mandibular osteosarcoma with contralateral osteomyelitis, followed by a review of relevant literature. References | Related Articles | Metrics