The orthodontic-orthognathic treatment is presently the predominant approach to rectifying dentomaxillofacial deformities. Nevertheless, the extended duration of the treatment cycle and the intricacy of the surgical procedures pose significant challenges for patients situated in various locations and restrict the accessibility of superior medical resources. To mitigate these limitations, this study introduced a remote medicine model for dentomaxillofacial deformities, predicated on the "internet + medicine" paradigm, and delineated its standardized procedures and quality control framework. This model adhered to the "1+1+N" paradigm, where a remote medical center served as the nucleus, and a dentomaxillofacial deformity consultation e-cloud platform functioned as the interconnecting nexus. This arrangement facilitated the effective amalgamation of superior medical resources, thereby augmenting treatment efficacy and enhancing patient experience. Additionally, this study focused on the detailed construction of a multifunctional dentomaxillofacial deformity consultation e-cloud platform and comprehensive quality control framework. This approach provided a scientific and effective solution for strengthening remote medical quality supervision, promoting the rational allocation of medical resources, and improving the service level of primary hospitals.

Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is a rare and severe infectious disease characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia, leaving the muscles initially unaffected. This infection progresses rapidly, if no intervention, and has a high mortality rate with no or inappropriate intervention. The purpose of this article was to systematically review the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck, and to discuss its diagnosis and treatment based on clinical experience, so as to enhance the understanding of the disease, reduce the mortality rate, and improve the diagnosis and treatment level of the disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of Piezo1 in venous malformation(VM) tissues and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The wax samples of patients diagnosed with venous malformations were obtained, and the expression levels of antibodies Piezo1, TRPV4, P2X7, CD31 and α-SMA were detected by immunohistochemistry in the samples of venous malformations and normal veins. Overexpression of TIE2-L914F and TIE2-WT genes in HUVECs led to construction of venous malformation cell models and wild-type cell models, with HUVECs as the control group. The expression of mRNA and protein levels of Piezo1, TRPV4 and P2X7 in each group were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). SPSS 27.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical results showed that Piezo1 expression was positive in both normal vein tissue and VM tissue, while TRPV4 and P2X7 expression were negative. Western blot results showed that there were significant differences in Piezo1 protein expression levels among the three groups, and the Piezo1 protein levels of the TIE2-L914F group were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of TRPV4 and P2X7 proteins among the three groups(P>0.05). ELISA results showed that the expression of Piezo1 in the VM group was significantly lower than that in the normal cell group(P<0.0001), and the expression of TRPV4 in the three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05), and the expression of P2X7 in the three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). RT-qPCR results showed that Piezo1 mRNA levels in TIE2-L914F group were significantly down-regulated compared with TIE2-WT and HUVEC group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of Piezo1 in venous malformation tissues is lower than that in normal tissues, suggesting that Piezo1 is involved in the development and remodeling of blood vessels.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the expression level of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and analyze its potential role in tumor progression as well as its clinical significance. METHODS: The expression level and prognostic relevance of VDAC1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were analyzed using UALCAN database. Genes associated with VDAC1 expression were identified using the database, and their expression levels and prognostic significance in HNSCC were analyzed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to evaluate VDAC1 expression in OSCC tissues. OSCC cells were treated with a VDAC1 inhibitor to observe its effects on cell proliferation and migration. GraphPad Prism 10.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Analysis of the database revealed that VDAC1 was overexpressed in HNSCC tissues and was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis. High VDAC1 expression was correlated with significantly poorer overall survival and recurrence free survival in HNSCC patients. Additionally, VDAC1 expression was significantly correlated with several genes, including heat shock protein A4 (HSPA4), protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA), nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), and cell division cycle protein 23(CDC23). These genes were also highly expressed in HNSCC and were strongly associated with poorer OS in patients. IHC analysis further confirmed that VDAC1 expression was markedly elevated in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Inhibition of VDAC1 significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells, highlighting its pivotal role in tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS: VDAC1 plays a critical role in the progression of OSCC. Its high expression is closely associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis, suggesting that VDAC1 may serve as both a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for OSCC. This study further reveals that VDAC1 may regulate tumor progression through its interaction with genes such as HSPA4, PPP2CA, NPM1, and CDC23, providing important insights into the pathogenesis of OSCC and the basis for precision therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in tumor microenvironment and molecular phenotype between human papillomavirus (HPV)-related (HPV+) and non-HPV-related (HPV-) head and neck cancers (HNC). METHODS: Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic sequencing data for HNC were obtained from the TCGA public database via open-access platforms such as cbioportal. The patients were categorized into HPV+ and HPV- group based on HPV infection status. First, the CIBERSORTx cell-type deconvolution algorithm was applied to transcriptomic data to estimate differences in cellular composition between HPV+ and HPV- HNC. Subsequently, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data were analyzed to identify genes with significantly increased mutation frequencies, enriched pathways, and upregulated proteins in HPV+ HNC compared to HPV- HNC. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between HPV+ and HPV- HNC. ①Cellular composition: HPV+ tumors exhibited significantly higher infiltration of B cells, CD4⁺ T cells, and dendritic cells. ②Multi-omics alterations: genes such as CCM2L, CBFA2T2, and NECAB3 showed higher mutation frequencies in HPV+ tumors. The neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway was significantly enriched in HPV+ tumors, proteins such as CLDN7 and SYK displayed higher expression levels in HPV+ tumors. ③FADS1 and ELF3 potentially participated in or regulated the phenotypic evolution of HPV+ HNC. FADS1 was a potential interacting protein of HPV16 E2, while ELF3 was a transcription factor specifically expressed in HPV+ epithelial tissues. Both genes exhibited a significant positive correlation with the gene set associated with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to HPV- HNC, the distribution of microenvironmental cell subtypes and potential regulatory elements in HPV+ HNC is significantly different, characterized by a higher proportion of immune cells and enrichment in pathways related to neural signaling and immune response.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between p53 staining patterns and TP53 mutation status in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), as well as their associations with clinicopathologic features. METHODS: Tissue samples from 60 OSCC patients were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing and immunohistochemical staining with p53 antibodies (MX008 and YN01766m). TP53 mutation status and p53 staining patterns (Null, overexpression [OE], and wild type[WT]) were compared with clinicopathologic features. Correlations between p53 staining patterns and TP53 mutation status were evaluated. GraphPad Prism 8 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in OSCC, with mutations significantly associated with higher pTNM stage, DOI, and PNI, and correlated with poor prognosis in public datasets. The Null pattern exhibited the highest sensitivity in detecting loss-of-function (LOF) mutations, while OE pattern predicted gain-of-function (GOF) mutations and showed clinical value for patient stratification. Both antibodies had similar performance in detecting and matching TP53 mutation status. CONCLUSION: TP53 is the most common mutation in OSCC,and its mutation is associated with adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis. p53 staining is sensitive to LOF mutations and is expected to be a biomarker of GOF mutations, providing a cost-effective method for patient stratification and targeted therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node tuberculosis and oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastases. METHODS: The ultrasonographic data of 38 patients(55 abnormal lymph nodes) with enlarged cervical lymph nodes who presented to First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and underwent neck dissection were categorized into tuberculosis group(n=27) and metastatic(n=28) group according to the pathological results, and the imaging characteristics of conventional imaging and CEUS were compared. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The differences between the tuberculosis and metastasis group in terms of boundaries, morphology, lymphatic portal structures, internal echoes, and the presence of liquefied and calcified areas were not statistically significant(P>0.05). A comparison of the pattern and type of perfusion between the two groups showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Centrifugal perfusion was predominant in the tuberculosis group, whereas afferent perfusion was predominant in the metastatic group. Perfusion type was predominantly type Ⅱ in the tuberculosis group and type Ⅲ in the metastatic group. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional ultrasonography, CEUS has a higher diagnostic value in identifying cervical lymph node tuberculosis and metastatic cervical lymph nodes of OSCC in clinical practice.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of piezosurgery and high-speed turbine handpiece in the extraction of middle and high impacted mandibular third molars, and to explore the best method for reducing postoperative reactions and complications of impacted mandibular third molar extraction. METHODS: A randomized, self-controlled study was conducted, and 32 eligible patients were included as the research objects. One side of the affected teeth was extracted with high-speed turbine handpiece (turbine handpiece group), while the other side of the affected teeth was extracted with piezosurgery (piezosurgery group). The operation time, degree of postoperative pain, degree of limitation of mouth opening, percentage of swelling of the affected side, and incidence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Compared with piezosurgery group, the turbine handpiece group had shorter operation time, lower pain scores on the 5th to 7th day after operation, and less limitation of mouth opening on the 2nd to 7th day after operation, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). However, There was no significant difference between the two groups in facial swelling, pain at 1-4 days after operation and complications(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High-speed turbine handpiece extraction takes less time, less postoperative pain, recovered more quickly, and less mouth opening limitation, while piezosurgery method has certain advantages in reducing postoperative swelling.

PURPOSE: To investigate the status of quality of life in patients with oral cancer after ¹²⁵I radioactive seed implantation, and to analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: A total of 266 patients with oral cancer who received ¹²⁵I radioactive seed implantation in Shandong Provincial Hospital from June 2022 to March 2024 were selected as the study objects. General information questionnaire, University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL), Fear of Progression Questionnaire Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were used to analyze the quality of life of the subjects and its influencing factors. SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The score of quality of life in oral cancer patients after ¹²⁵I radioactive seed implantation was (104.11±16.40), which was above the medium level. The total score of fear of disease progression was (28.19±3.16), and 86 patients(32.33%) were≥34 (clinical level). The scores of 266 patients with oral cancer in terms of medical coping style were confrontation(17.81±3.138), avoiding dimension(14.41±3.516) and surrender (8.19±3.26). The results of regression analysis showed that the surrender modes, age, physiological dimension of fear of cancer recurrence, gender, residence, pain status were the influencing factors that entered the regression equation,explaining 48.3% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life score of oral cancer patients after ¹²⁵I radioactive seed implantation is in the upper level. Medical staff should instruct oral cancer patients to take a positive approach to disease management after ¹²⁵I seed implantation, and combined with the patient's age, gender, fear of recurrence, residence, pain status and other characteristics to develop personalized nursing measures, so as to improve the quality of life.

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in young men who participated in the physical examination of Qingzhou conscription, and to observe the effects of two different treatments for TMD. METHODS: The oral medical history information of 690 male youth who participated in the conscription physical examination for enlisted citizens in Qingzhou city in the autumn of 2021 and the spring of 2022 was collected. The temporomandibular joint functions were examined, and the prevalence of TMD and the incidence rates of various symptoms were calculated. Among them, totally 85 patients with TMD were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into group A(n=42) and group B(n=43). Group A was treated with oral and maxillofacial system functional exercises, while group B was treated with full-arch anatomical occlusal splints. The therapeutic effects of TMD were evaluated after 3 months of treatment, and the recurrence of patients was observed after 12 months. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software package. RESULTS: A total of 120 TMD patients were identified in 690 youths with a prevalence rate of 17.39%, with 61 cases (18.05%) among 338 young men surveyed in the fall of 2021 and 59 cases (16.76%) among 352 young men surveyed in the spring of 2022. There was no significant difference in TMD prevalence between the two investigations (P>0.05). In addition, among the 690 youths, the incidence of clicking was the highest (15.65%), followed by mandibular dyskinesia (7.25%) and pain (1.30%). A few of the 120 TMD patients had a past medical history, mainly manifested as mandibular dyskinesia and clicking. After 3 months, the symptoms of TMD patients in group A were significantly improved after functional exercise, and there was no recurrence after 12 months. Among the 43 TMD patients in group B, 23 cases were completely cured, 9 cases were improved, but 4 cases recurred after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence rate of TMD among young male recruits, most of them are mild and mainly characterized by clicking. After conservative treatment through functional exercises, patients with TMD can be cured and meet the enlistment standards, and thus should be retained.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of autogenous tooth bone powder combined with concentrated growth factors (CGF) in the repair of distal bone defects in the second molar after impacted mandibular third molar extraction. METHODS: A total of 25 patients with distal bone defect of second molar after bilateral mandibular impacted third molar extraction were selected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2023 to June 2024. A bilateral controlled experiment was conducted, with one side as the experimental group (n=25) and the other side as the control group (n=25). The experimental group received treatment with autogenous tooth powder combined with CGF, while the control group received CGF treatment alone. Postoperative probing depth(PD), clinical attachment loss(CAL), osseous defect depth(ODD), bone mineral density, operative time, Postoperative Symptom Severity Scale(PoSSe), adjacent tooth hypersensitivity, postoperative infection, and numbness of lower lip were compared between the two groups. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the PD and CAL in both groups were significantly lower than those at 2 weeks postoperatively (P<0.001); the reduction rates of PD and CAL in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 6 months postoperatively (P<0.001); the reduction amount of ODD in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P<0.001). There were significant differences in bone density between the experimental group and the control group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The operation time in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference. The postoperative PoSSe scores for speech, appearance, and pain showed significant different between the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of distal tooth sensitivity of the second molar in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Autogenous tooth bone powder combined with CGF can effectively promote the recovery of distal bone defects in the second molar, improve the periodontal condition of the distal second molar, and has high clinical application value. CGF alone can also improve the depth of distal bone defects in the second molar, but the recovery of the height of the bone defect is not obvious, and the long-term effect is not good.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of comprehensive nursing combined with intraoperative correction via computer navigation on mouth opening and satisfaction in patients with temporomandibular joint(TMJ) ankylosis. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with TMJ ankylosis who underwent treatment in Nanjing Stomatological Hospital from February 2016 to February 2023 were included and randomly divided into the control group (n=52, treated with intraoperative correction via computer navigation) and the experimental group(n=52, treated with comprehensive nursing on the basis of the control group). TMJ function, masticatory efficiency, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) scores, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) scores, and patients' satisfaction were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. SPSS 27.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After treatment, the maximum mouth opening and masticatory efficiency in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while DI, PI and CMI were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). The CD-RISC subscale scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the OHIP-14 subscale scores were significantly lower (P<0.05). Patients' satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive nursing combined with intraoperative correction via computer navigation demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in patients with TMJ ankylosis, which can effectively improve mouth opening, patients' satisfaction and joint function, and is suitable for clinical application.

PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the return-to-work emotions and experiences of head and neck cancer survivors and help in developing the individualized return-to-work interventions. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Service System, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and APA PsycInfo databases for qualitative studies on the experiences of head and neck cancer survivors returning to work. The search period covered from the establishment of the databases to December 2023. The quality of the literature was evaluated by two investigators using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Research(2016) in Australia. The results were integrated using a pooled integration approach. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, of which 65 were distilled and synthesized into three themes and 11 subthemes, including the importance and inadequacy of symptom distress affecting head and neck cancer survivors' work status and career progression, the coping measures by head and neck cancer survivors in order to adapt to work, and the importance and inadequacy of social support for head and neck cancer survivors to return to work. CONCLUSIONS: The survival of head and neck cancer patients is hampered by multiple factors when they return to work. Attention should be paid to the symptomatic burden and psychological state of head and neck cancer survivors. Symptom management should be strengthened, social support systems should be reinforced, and targeted intervention and support strategies should be formulated to promote the early return of head and neck cancer survivors to the workplace.

Scavenger receptors is a superfamily of proteins with heterogeneous structure, which is involved in the occurrence and biological pathways of various diseases, plays an important role in innate immunity and homeostasis, and is an important molecule regulating host immune function. Oral squamous cell carcinomaOSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in oral cavity. In recent years, the prevalence and mortality of oral cancer have been on the rise, and more common in younger population. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have shown great potential in the treatment of oral cancer, especially in advanced oral cancer. The neoadjuvant treatment mode of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has good safety and effectiveness, which can shorten the operation time and reduce the surgical trauma without affecting the prognosis of patients. This article mainly reviewed the current research progress on scavenger receptor family and OSCC immunotherapy, in order to provide more potential immunotherapy targets for the treatment of OSCC.

Buccal fat padBFP) is an irregular mass of adipose tissue located within the deep facial recesses, with rich blood supply and encapsulated structure, which can isolate mesenchymal stem cells with multidirectional differentiation ability. The pedicled buccal fat pad flap is easy to prepare and has a high survival rate, and has been widely used in the repair of soft and hard tissue defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. The osteogenic ability of buccal fat pad derived mesenchymal stem cells has been demonstrated in vitro and has been used in clinical trials to repair jaw defects in recent years. In plastic surgery, the potential of both pedicled and free buccal fat pad flaps for improving facial contours continues to be explored. However, research on the long-term benefits for patients and the differences between these flaps and other pedicled skin flaps is limited. This review summarized the current advancements in the anatomy and some clinical applications of the buccal fat pad.

Lip cancer is one of the common malignant tumors among head and neck tumors. Due to its special location, the reconstruction of defects after surgery is crucial for facial aesthetics of the patients. This study reported and discussed a case in which vascularized free composite tissue flaps were used to repair postoperative defects of the lower lip after lip cancer surgery. By preparing a composite tissue flap from the upper lip and using supermicrosurgical techniques to anastomose the labial arteries of the upper and lower lips, the postoperative defect of the lower lip was repaired, achieving satisfactory results for the patient.

Acute pulmonary edema after intraoperative topical administration of epinephrine is a rare but serious complication. This paper reported a case of acute pulmonary edema in a 17-month-old girl who was treated with epinephrine during cleft palate repair. The patient was healthy before operation and had no history of allergies or major diseases. During operation, the patient developed increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, and decreased oxygen saturation after local use of hemostatic water containing adrenaline. Subsequently, a large amount of pink foam-like secretions were sucked through the tracheal catheter and diagnosed as acute pulmonary edema. The patient 's condition was rapidly stabilized and the operation was successfully completed through the replacement of tracheal catheter and dehydration treatment by lung suction. The vital signs of the children were stable after operation.