PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of human recombinant platelet-derived growth factor D(PDGFD) on migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs). METHODS: Primary hDPSCs were isolated by enzymolysis and cultured. The expression of molecular markers on the surface of cultured mesenchymal stem cells was identified by flow cytometry. Three lines of hDPSCs were induced and identified by corresponding staining to characterize their potential for multidirectional differentiation. The effect of PDGFD on the migration ability of hDPSCs was investigated by cell scratching test. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the effects of PDGFD on the expression of odontoblast-related mRNA and proteins in hDPSCs. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and alizarin red staining(ARS) were used to detect the effect of PDGFD on the mineralization of hDPSCs. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Morphological analysis, flow cytometry identification and three-line differentiation showed that the isolated cells were consistent with the characteristics of hDPSCs and had multidirectional differentiation potentials. The results of cell scratching test showed that only 50 ng/mL PDGFD at 12 h had an effect on the migration ability of hDPSCs, but both 10 and 50 ng/mL PDGFD at 24 h had an effect on the migration ability of hDPSCs. PCR results showed that PDGFD of 10 and 50 ng/mL could promote the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, and PDGFD of 50 ng/mL had a more significant effect on the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The results of Western blotting, ALP and ARS were the same as those of PCR. CONCLUSIONS: hDPSCs with typical mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and multidirectional differentiation potential were successfully isolated and cultured. PDGFD at the concentration of 10 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL can promote the migration and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells, and the promotion effect of PDGFD at the concentration of 50 ng/mL is more significant.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of salidroside on the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. METHODS: WSU-HN30 cells were divided into three salidroside treatment groups, low-dose group(40 μg/mL), middle-dose group(60 μg/mL) and high-dose group(100 μg/mL). The proliferation, migration and apoptosis of WSU-HN30 cells were detected by MTT assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry, and the mRNA and protein expressions of nuclearfactor erythroidderived 2-like 2 (NRF2) and kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-PCR) and Western blot. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: At the same concentration, the proliferation inhibition rate of salidroside after 48 h was significantly higher than that after 24 h (P<0.05). At the same time, with the salidroside concentration increasing, the proliferation inhibition rate was significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with blank control group, salidroside treatment groups had significant decrease in the number of cell migration, significant increase in the rate of apoptosis, and significant decrease in mRNA and protein expressions of NRF2 and KEAP1; Moreover, the above changes showed a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Salidroside can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, and induce cell apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of expression of NRF2/KEAP1 pathway.

PURPOSE: To study the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) combined with strontium ranelate (Sr) on osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs), and explore the related mechanisms. METHODS: Log-phase BMSCs were taken and randomly divided into control group (without any induction solution treatment), BMP-2 group (0.1 mg/L BMP treatment), Sr group (5 mmol/L Sr treatment), BMP-2+Sr group (after treatment with 0.1 mg/L BMP for 6 days, changed the solution and added 5 mmol/L Sr for treatment). Cell proliferation was detected by MTT experiment. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was detected by nitrophenyl phosphate method. Mineralization was observed by alizarin red staining. Protein expression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1), Smad2, p-Smad2, and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were detected by Western blot. SPSS 24.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the ALP activity of BMP-2 group, Sr group, and BMP-2+Sr group were enhanced, of which MTT experimental absorbance(A) value, the percentage of mineralized area and the expression of TGF-β1 and Runx2 protein, p-Smad2/Smad2 were significntly increased(P<0.05). Compared with BMP-2 group and Sr group, the ALP activity of the BMP-2+Sr group were enhanced, of which MTT experimental A value, the percentage of mineralized area and the expression of TGF-β1 and Runx2 protein, p-Smad2/Smad2 were significantly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BMP-2 combined with Sr can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in rats, the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

PURPOSE: To explore the clinical application value of energy spectrum CT single energy imaging in displaying lesions of jawbone osteomyelitis. METHODS: Energy spectrum CT imaging data of 12 patients diagnosed with jaw osteomyelitis in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. GSI Viewer software was used to reconstruct the images at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 keV single energy values. The CT values and SNR values of each single energy group in the lesion area were analyzed to obtain the optimal keV value, and compared with enhanced MRI images to evaluate the display of energy spectrum CT imaging on surrounding soft tissues. PASW Statistics 18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Different single energy values had significant impact on CT values(P<0.01), and the image quality was relatively good at 70 keV. Energy spectrum CT imaging could display the involvement of surrounding soft tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Energy spectrum CT single energy image under the condition of 70 keV has the best display effect on the lesions of jawbone osteomyelitis, which can reflect the surrounding soft tissue situation, with certain diagnostic efficacy for jawbone osteomyelitis.

PURPOSE: To compare the differences in intraoperative and postoperative response between electric dental handpieces and pneumatic turbine handpieces in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: Using a randomized grouped self-crossover control design method, 50 patients who underwent extraction of bilateral mandibular proximal-medial impacted wisdom teeth were selected, and the right and left mandibular impacted wisdom teeth were extracted with dental electric handpieces and pneumatic turbine handpieces, respectively. Intraoperative surgery time, pain degree, and complication rate were collected, and postoperative pain level, swelling level, and mouth opening restriction were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after extraction, and the data of the two groups were compared. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the turbo-pneumatic dental handpieces group, the electric dental handpieces group had no significant difference in operation time and postoperative complications, but with significant advantages in reducing postoperative pain, postoperative swelling reaction, and accelerating the recovery of patients' mouth opening. CONCLUSIONS: Electric dental handpieces has more advantages than turbo-pneumatic dental handpieces in the extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth, which is worthy of clinical application.

PURPOSE: To investigate the perioperative symptom clusters and quality of life status in patients with oral and maxillofacial neoplasms undergoing flap transplantation, and to analyze their correlation. METHODS: A convenience sample of 211 patients with oral and maxillofacial neoplasms undergoing flap transplantation who attended Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2022 to December 2023 were longitudinally surveyed. M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head & Neck and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (fourth edition) were used, the patients were investigated longitudinally before, 7 days and 1 month after flap transplantation. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Five symptom clusters were derived from patients with oral and maxillofacial neoplasms undergoing flap transplants at 3 time points during perioperative period. The neurological symptom cluster was extracted before and 1 month after surgery, the gastrointestinal symptom cluster was extracted only 7 days after surgery, and the symptom cluster of dysphagia-dysphonia, disease-specific symptom cluster and fatigue-sleep-mood symptom cluster were extracted persisted throughout the perioperative period. The difference of total quality of life scores at the three time points during the perioperative period was statistically significant(P<0.001). The perioperative severity scores of the five symptom clusters were negatively correlated with their total quality of life scores and socio-emotional domain scores(P<0.05). Before surgery, the dysphagia-dysphonia symptom cluster and the fatigue-sleep-mood symptom cluster had significant effect on patients' quality of life(R²=0.613, P<0.05). Seven days after surgery, the dysphagia-dysphonia symptom cluster,the disease-specific symptom cluster and the fatigue-sleep-mood symptom cluster had significant effect on patients' quality of life(R²=0.614, P<0.05). One month postoperatively, the dysphagia-dysphonia symptom cluster, the neurological symptom cluster and the fatigue-sleep-mood symptom cluster had significant effect on patients' quality of life (R²=0.577, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with oral and maxillofacial neoplasms undergoing flap transplantation had multiple stable symptom clusters perioperatively, the more severe the symptom clusters, the worse the patient's quality of life. Effective interventions for the symptom clusters can reduce the severity of the symptom clusters and improve the patient's quality of life.

PURPOSE: To explore the clinical value of targeted nursing intervention for juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP). METHODS: From January 2019 to December 2020, a total of 60 children with JRP in the Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30). The control group was given general nursing care, and the experimental group was given health education, life guidance and psychological counseling for the disease. Recurrence time in one year after treatment was observed. The life quality was analyzed by MOS item short from health survey. The nursing satisfaction was investigated by questionnaire. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The recurrence time of the experimental group within 1 year after diagnosis was significantly less than that of the control group (P<0.05), the quality of life and nursing satisfaction were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted nursing intervention has a good clinical effect in children with JRP, which can help reduce the frequency of mumps attacks in children, improve the quality of life of children, and make their families obtain more satisfactory nursing experience, which is worthy of promotion.

PURPOSE: To observe the curative effect of 810 nm diode laser in the treatment of salivary gland mucocele. METHODS: Forty-two patients with salivary gland mucocele who were treated at the Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from March 2018 to June 2019 were selected. According to the treatment methods, they were divided into traditional surgery group(n=22) and laser treatment group(n=20). The VAS of postoperative pain degree,operating time,security,therapeutic effect of the two groups were evaluated. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The pain scores of the first 3 days after surgery in the laser treatment group were significantly lower than those in the traditional surgery group(P<0.05). The operation time of laser treatment group was (13.60±1.60) min, which was significantly shorter than that of conventional surgery group (16.10±1.18) min(P<0.05). The incidence of pain or paresthesia at 24 h and swelling at 48 h in the laser treatment group was significantly lower than that in the traditional surgery group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of local exudation at 48 h, pigmentation one month later, local sclerosis or scar formation between the two groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the cure rate at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of 810 nm diode laser in the treatment of salivary gland mucocele has the advantages of no bleeding in the whole process, short operation time, low recurrence rate and fewer postoperative reactions. It can be used as a new option for patients who cannot accept surgery.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy(PDT) combined with scaling and root planing and only scaling and root planing in the management of distal alveolar bone resorption of mandibular second molars. METHODS: A total of 82 mandibular second molars in 57 patients whose mandibular third molars were mesially impacted and distal alveolar bone were resorbed were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. In the experimental group, the distal surface of the distal root of the mandibular second molar received scaling and root planing combined with PDT after mandibular third molar was extracted, while the control group only received scaling and root planing. The observation lasted for 1 year, the tooth mobility, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and the osseous defect depth(ODD) were examined and recorded. The data were compared and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in tooth mobility of mandibular second molar between the two groups at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery (P>0.05). PD and CAL in the experimental group were significantly improved at 3 months, 6 months(P<0.05), while the clinical outcome changes at 1 week and 12 months after surgery between the 2 groups were not significant(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in ODD between the two groups 12 months after surgery(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the short term (< 6 months), PDT combined with scaling and root planing on the distal surface of the mandibular second molar distal root is more effective than scaling and root planing alone, when the mandibular third molar is mesially impacted and the distal alveolar bone of mandibular second molar is resorbed.

PURPOSE: To explore the traumatic characteristics of primary and permanent teeth in children and the influencing factors of pulp necrosis after treatment. METHODS: A total of 110 children with dental trauma(169 teeth involved) who received treatment at Dental Clinic, Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected. The age, gender distribution, composition of permanent and deciduous teeth injuries, location and number of affected teeth were statistically analyzed. The children were divided into pulp necrosis group and pulp survival group according to whether pulp necrosis occurred. The basic characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of pulp necrosis after dental trauma were analyzed by univariate and multivariate factor models. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among the 110 children with dental trauma, there were 57 male and 53 female patients. The age group with the highest incidence of dental trauma in male patients was 5 years old (21.05%) and 6 years old (19.30%), while the age group with the highest incidence in female patients was 5 years old (15.09%). The 4-year-old group, 6-year-old group, and 7-year-old group all had a rate of 13.21%. A total of 169 teeth were injured in the 110 children with dental trauma, of which 102 teeth were fractured (60.36%) and 67 teeth were avulsed (39.64%). Among the injured teeth, 73 were permanent teeth (66.36%) and 37 were deciduous teeth (33.64%). The most common location of injured teeth was the central incisors (92 teeth, 54.44%). Among the 110 children with dental trauma, 37 had pulp necrosis (59 teeth), while 73 had pulp survival(110 teeth). There was no significant difference in the average age, type of injured teeth, type of trauma, and location of injured teeth between the pulp necrosis group and the pulp survival group(P>0.05). The proportion of male patients, the proportion of type Ⅲ-Ⅳ fractures, the proportion of grade 3 avulsion, the proportion of patients with a visit time of ≥24 hours, and the proportion of patients with bone injury were all significantly higher in the pulp necrosis group than in the pulp vitality group (P<0.05). The results of the logistic regression model showed that male children, type Ⅲ-Ⅳ of crown fracture, grade 3 of protrusion type, and combined alveolar bone injury were independent risk factors for dental pulp necrosis in children with dental trauma after treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The most common age of primary and permanent teeth trauma in children is 5-6 years old, with permanent and incisor injuries being the main cause. Male children, those with type Ⅲ-Ⅳ coronal fractures, those with grade 3 protrusions, and those with combined alveolar bone injuries can increase the risk of dental pulp necrosis.

PURPOSE: To improve the traditional forearm flap and explore the clinical method of directly closing the donor area of the forearm. METHODS: Twenty-five cases of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor or maxillofacial defects were collected and reconstructed with forearm fusiform flap. For maxillofacial medium defect, fusiform flap could be folded and sutured in half, and the donor site of the forearm could be closed directly after flap havesting. RESULTS: Among 25 cases of forearm fusiform flaps, only 1 case had flap necrosis after operation, and all the others survived. The donor area of the forearm did not require skin grafting, and the postoperative healing was normal and the scar was small. The average satisfaction score of the subjective questionnaire answered by patients was 8.56. No significant restriction of hand movement was observed after surgery in all cases. Of the 25 patients, 24 patients were satisfied with the surgery and 1 patient was dissatisfied, with a satisfaction rate of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: The application of forearm fusiform flap has good appearance and function recovery, and the preparation of which is simple, safe and reliable. After surgery, the donor area of the forearm can be directly co-sutured and closed, without skin grafting, implying little trauma, normal movement and function of the hand and wrist after surgery, small postoperative scars, high patient satisfaction, and worthy of clinical application.

PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the correlation between bacterial microorganisms and periimplantitis pathogenesis. METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CNKI, and The Cochrane Library were electronically retrieved to collect clinical studies related to bacterial distribution in subjects with periimplantitis from outset to December 2023. Meta analysis was performed using random-effect model by Stata 14.2 and R 4.0.4 software. Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI) checklist were used to perform the risk of bias assessment. RESULTS: A total of thirteen studies, containing 1 274 participants(1 688 dental implants) were included. Compared with non-periimplantitis, periimplantitis was associated with the exposure of Staphylococcus epidermidis(S.e), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n), and Prevotella intermedia(P.i) (P<0.05). Results of data synthesis for bacterial count as outcome and for subgroup analyses were mostly inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Periimplantitis is associated with the presence of S.e and specific periodontopathogens (P.g, T.f, T.d, F.n and P.i). However, multicentric prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

With the rapid development of digital surgical technology, the application of surgical robotic systems in oral and maxillofacial surgery has become an inevitable trend due to the demand for minimally invasive and precise treatment. Among the filed of computer vision-based target tracking and positioning, monocular vision system has the advantages of simple structure, fast speed, high accuracy and few calibration steps, and has been attempted in surgical robots. In this paper, the development history and application status of surgical robots was reviewed, the advantages, limitations and research progress of monocular vision localization technology were summarized, and then the progress and prospects of surgical robots with monocular vision system was discussed.

The early diagnosis of cancer is conducive to the subsequent clinical management of patients. Artificial intelligenceAI has been widely used in the medical field, improving the accuracy and efficiency of disease diagnosis. This paper summarized the relevant studies on AI in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer from three aspects: overview of AI in the early diagnosis of oral cancer, application status of commonly used AI types, and personal outlook, aiming to provide a new perspective for the application of early diagnosis of oral cancer, further help medical workers improve medical decision-making rate, and provide references for the early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.

Whiskers are micro-nano sized short fibers grown from high-purity single crystals, and their excellent physicochemical and biological properties show great potential for application in bone tissue engineering BTE. In this paper, the classification, growth mechanism, preparation methods and characteristics of whiskers were reviewed, and their application in BTE was discussed. The research direction and application prospect of whisker in bone tissue engineering were also discussed.

Compared with traditional titanium alloy scaffolds, the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V porous scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing are closer to natural bone tissue and have good biocompatibility, which is expected to become an ideal material for bone defect repair. In order to improve the biological properties of titanium alloy, various surface treatment technologies emerge as the times require. These treatment technologies can be divided into coating and non-coating method, and different surface treatment technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper reviewed the research progress of titanium alloy scaffolds and their surface treatment technologies.

Ameloblastoma is a common odontogenic epithelial tumor, and its special subtype, peripheral ameloblastoma, is relatively rare in clinic. This paper reported a case of peripheral ameloblastoma from mandibular gingival soft tissue and reviewed the related literatures.

Dental implant rehabilitation could be considered in patients reconstructed with free fibula flap for mandibular defect. Prosthetically driven implant placement in free fibula flap represents a challenge for the cross triangle section of the fibula, the insufficient bone height and the existence of the internal fixed titanium screw and plate. This paper reported one case reconstructed with free fibula flap for mandibular defect and 4 implants placed in the fibula by means of dynamic navigation, with recovery missing teeth and chewing function.

Epidermal cysts that occur in the cheek are relatively rare, and epidermal cysts occurring in the area of free forearm flap transplantation to repair buccal defects are even rarer. This paper reported a rare case of epidermoid cyst localized in the repair area of forearm flap after 10 years of buccal reconstruction.