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Expert consensus on surgical treatment of hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the head and neck WANG Yan-an, QIN Zhong-ping, ZHENG Jia-wei, LI Chun-jie, LIU Shao-hua, YANG Yao-wu, CHEN Gang, CHEN Wei-liang, LIU Xue-jian, DU Zhong, ZHANG Lei, WANG Ye-fei, WANG De-ming, SU Li-xin, XIE Feng, DONG Chang-xian, GUO Lei, LI Kai, GU Song, HE Yue, ZHANG Zhi-yuan China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 105-117.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.001 Abstract （500）      PDF （2515KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Hemangiomas and vascular malformations are common benign vascular diseases in the head and neck region. The evolution and extensive implementation of non-surgical therapeutic modalities have resulted in considerable improvement or even total remission in a significant number of patients in minimally invasive or non-invasive procedures. Nonetheless, under certain circumstances, surgical treatment remains an irreplaceable treatment modality within the comprehensive treatment sequence for hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the head and neck. However, there is no established standard or consensus in the academic community on how to choose and apply surgical treatment. Therefore, to enhance the treatment efficacy of hemangiomas and vascular malformations amongst domestic peers, and to standardize surgical treatment protocols, this consensus brings together the discussion opinions of relevant experts from many medical schools and affiliated hospitals nationwide. Based on the latest domestic and international research results and diagnosis and treatment experience, we formulated this expert consensus from the aspects of preoperative diagnosis and preparation, surgical treatment indications and strategies, postoperative care and observation, common complications and treatment after surgery, follow-up and social psychological support. It is expected to be used in clinical practice and to guide relevant professional doctors carrying out treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese expert consensus on prevention and management of perioperative venous thromboembolism in head and neck cancer patients REN Zhen-hu, CHEN Ming-tao, WU Han-jiang, ZHANG Sheng, FANG Kun, XIE Shang4, LIU Yu, HU Chuan-yu6, LIU Bing, LI Chun-Jie, ZHU Gui-quan, WANG Cheng, GAO Yang, ZHANG Xiao-chen, SHI Jian-bo, ZHANG Yong-hong, CUI Ming-zhe, JI Tong, REN Guo-xin, WANG Yan-an, CHEN Wei-liang, ZHANG Chen-ping, HE Yue, ZHANG Zhi-yuan China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (1): 1-9.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.01.001 Abstract （257）      PDF （1276KB）（231）       Knowledge map    Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication after surgical procedures, and an important risk factor for unexpected death in hospitals, and the second leading cause of death for tumor patients. Patients with advanced head and neck cancer usually require extensive radical surgery and simultaneous repair and reconstruction surgery, and have many risk factors such as elderly, long surgical time, long postoperative bed rest, and hypercoagulable state caused by tumor and chemotherapy drugs, which suggest that patients with head and neck cancer should be an extremely high risk group for VTE. However, little attention has been paid to the occurrence of VTE in patients with cancer in the head and neck, and the data on the incidence of VTE after head and neck cancer surgery are also limited. So far, there is a lack of relevant treatment consensus or guidelines for perioperative VTE of head and neck cancer in China. The level of prevention and management of perioperative VTE of head and neck cancer varies among different institutions, and there is a lack of unified and scientific diagnosis and treatment standards and objective evaluation system for prevention and management. In order to unify and standardize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative VTE in head and neck cancer, reduce the waste of medical resources and improve the treatment effectiveness, domestic experts in this field have repeatedly discussed the diagnosis and treatment opinions from 14 famous medical institutions in China. This article refers to the research results and diagnosis and treatment experience of perioperative VTE in head and neck cancer world wide in recent years, and formulates this expert consensus for reference by relevant clinicians. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent advances in mouth breathing diagnosis and effects on dento-maxillofacial development in children ZHENG Yang-shan, YUAN Xue-shun, JIANG Jing, QIU Shu-qi, SHI Zhao-hui China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (1): 92-101.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.01.016 Abstract （305）      PDF （1261KB）（200）       Knowledge map    Upper airway obstruction can lead to mouth breathing, which is much prevalent in children. Studies have indicated that in early childhood, prolonged mouth breathing leads to muscular and postural alterations which, in turn, result in dentoskeletal changes, or even worse, dentofacial deformities and sleep-related breathing disorders. A multidisciplinary team, involving otolaryngologists, dental providers, and somnologists, should work to provide early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, preventing the consequent disorders of mouth breathing. More and more studies in recent years have focused on mouth breathing diagnosis and its effects on dento-maxillofacial development as well as its possible mechanisms in children. Nevertheless, the etiology, diagnosis, treatment options, postoperative care, mechanism of mouth breathing impact on dento-maxillofacial development, and its relationship with sleep-disordered breathing remain controversial. This review summarized the latest advances in mouth breathing, demonstrating the current status and advances of research on mouth breathing diagnosis, dento-maxillofacial development, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The expression and biological functions of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma ZHOU Xin-xia, LIU Jing-hao, GAN Gui-fang, CHEN Fu-xiang China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (1): 10-15.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.01.002 Abstract （139）      PDF （1203KB）（167）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the expression and biological functions of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: The expression of S1PR4 in OSCC tissue samples and cell lines (WSU-HN4, WSU-HN6, CAL27, WSU-HN30) was analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and IHC. The activity of S1PR4 was inhibited by S1PR4 antagonist(CYM50358), and the effect of CYM50358 on proliferation of OSCC cells was detected by CCK-8 and clonal formation assay. The effect of CYM500358 on apoptosis of OSCC cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The transcription and expression of S1PR4 were up-regulated in OSCC. The activity of proliferation and clonality were decreased(P<0.05), while the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in CYM50358-treated OSCC cells(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of S1PR4 is up-regulated in OSCC. S1PR4 antagonist can significantly reduce viability and promote apoptosis of OSCC cells, and may be a potential indicator for treatment of OSCC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 0-0.   Abstract （75）      PDF （433KB）（120）       Knowledge map    Related Articles | Metrics

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The bur broken into soft palate during tooth extraction: a case report and literature review GUO Lei, LEI Rong-chang, QU Bin-bin, GUO Ge, CHAI An, LUO Ying China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 202-205.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.016 Abstract （168）      PDF （986KB）（120）       Knowledge map    When high-speed dental handpiece combined with surgical cutting bur are used to remove impacted teeth, instrument separation is rare, and bur breaking into the soft palate is even rarer. This paper reported a rare case in which the bur broke into the soft palate during tooth extraction and was successfully removed under local anesthesia with the help of imaging and 3D visualization techniques. Combined with literature review, this paper discussed the causes of this complication and corresponding treatment methods, and explored how to reduce the occurrence of this complication. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in snoring adults ZHENG Tong, YAO Kan, QIAN Yi-feng, SUN Hong-xia, LU Xiao-feng, YU Wen-wen China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 137-142.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.004 Abstract （192）      PDF （757KB）（116）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in snoring adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1 155 adult snoring patients who were overnight polysomnography(PSG) monitored for obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) from January 2012 to October 2021 in Sleep Medicine Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on apnea hypopnea index (AHI): non-OSA and OSA groups. The prevalence and risk factors of OSA were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of OSA was 88.23%, and the male to female ratio was 4.12∶1. The risk factors for OSA in snoring adults were age, neck circumference/height ratio, gender and waist circumference, of which the thresholds were 30.5 years old, 22.93, male, 86.25 cm. WRAG-N was proposed to predict OSA, with an AUC of 0.789, a sensitivity of 87.2%, and a specificity of 29.4%. CONCLUSIONS: For adult snoring population, the risk factors for OSA were over 30 years old, male and waist circumference greater than 86.25 cm. Meanwhile, neck circumference/height ratio is one of the key risk factors for OSA. WRAG-N, innovatively proposed as the predictive tool for OSA, may help communities screen OSA in high-risk snoring adults to provide efficient and high-quality diagnosis and treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on indications and applications of autogenous teeth transplantation AILIMAIERDAN Ainiwaer, WANG Ling China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (3): 300-308.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.03.016 Abstract （182）      PDF （941KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Autogenous teeth transplantation (ATT) is a surgical method for repairing missing teeth. Although the selection of indications for ATT is strict,with continuous development of technique in oral surgery,more and more researches have expanded the indications of ATT. This article discussed research progress in application and clinical indications of ATT reported in recent years, including ATT as an alternative to dental implants, immediate ATT into recipient sites with inflammation, application of artificial materials in cases with insufficient bone mass, the application of autogenous tooth transplantation in various oral diseases and the transplantation of different types of autogenous teeth, aiming at providing reference for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A primary study on application of neuralized fibula flap for mandibular reconstruction and sensory restoration of the lower lip ZHANG Bing-qing, SHI Jing-cun, WU Zi-qian, ZHANG Yu-han, WANG Jie-yu, XIAO Meng, WANG Lei China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 143-147.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.005 Abstract （160）      PDF （1359KB）（102）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore a new method of simultaneous jaw reconstruction and sensory recovery after resection of the mandible and inferior alveolar nerve due to tumor, so as to provide reference for clinical practice. METHODS: Segmental resection of mandibular bone was performed in a patient with mandibular ameloblastoma. The inferior alveolar nerve closely associated with the lesion was removed during the operation, neurovascularized fibula free flap was transplanted at the same time. The graft resorption was observed by postoperative imaging, and sensory preservation was evaluated by applying two-point discriminative sensation and touch test using sensory test wire. RESULTS: At the 9-month postoperative follow-up, the patient exhibited a naturally symmetrical facial appearance, with the flap displaying excellent survival and blood supply. The grafted bone remained stable without noticeable resorption, and the lower lip regained good sensory function while sensory function was partially restored to the chin. There were no issues such as lip-biting or salivation. Furthermore, neither recipient nor donor areas exhibited adverse complications. CONCLUSIONS: This innovative approach of simultaneous nerve reconstruction demonstrates promising efficacy in restoring lower lip sensation and preventing postoperative grafted bone resorption in fibula flap transplantation for mandibular reconstruction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain relief and MDAS score after minimally invasive extraction of impacted teeth ZHU Cheng-zhang, WAN Hong-kun China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (1): 49-52.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.01.008 Abstract （188）      PDF （490KB）（99）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of preemptive analgesia on postoperative pain relief after minimally invasive extraction of impacted teeth and the modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) score. METHODS: A total of 100 patients with impacted teeth admitted to Rudong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Nantong City from July 2021 to May 2022 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group(minimally invasive tooth extraction combined with preemptive pain relief treatment, n=50) and control group (minimally invasive tooth extraction, n=50) using a random number table method. The operation time, intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate, analgesic efficacy, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS score) of pain, postoperative MDAS score and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups, and the data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: The operation time of the experimental group was significantly less than that of the control group(P<0.05). VAS scores at 5 h, 10 h and 24 h in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The MDAS score after treatment was lower than before treatment, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions after treatment was lower in both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preemptive analgesia has a good analgesic effect on minimally invasive extraction of impacted teeth, which can improve the anxiety of patients, and has fewer adverse reactions. It can be widely used in clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of the machanism of ossification in maxillary sinus after maxillary sinus floor elevation GUAN Xiang-yu, GAO Yi-ming China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 198-201.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.015 Abstract （145）      PDF （448KB）（99）       Knowledge map    In posterior maxillary area, due to progressive bone resorption and the limitation of anatomic location of maxillary sinus after tooth loss, routine implant surgery was restricted. Maxillary sinus floor elevation is the main mean to solve the problems. In this paper,the mechanism of ossification in the maxillary sinus and its influential factory, and problems which need to be further studied were summarized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of adoptive T cell therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma CHEN Yin-yu, CHEN Lin, XU Feng, ZOU Zi-chuan, GE Liang-yu, MENG Jian China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 192-197.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.014 Abstract （144）      PDF （585KB）（94）       Knowledge map    Adoptive T cell therapy(ACT) is a new adoptive cell immunotherapy, which is developing rapidly in clinical research. Several studies have shown that ACT could enhance the specificity and reactivity of tumor tissue by increasing the number of T cells, thereby overcoming the suppression of tumor immune deficiency. There are three main modes of ACT: tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs), chimeric antigen receptor T cells(CAR-T), and T cell receptor engineered T cells(TCR-T). In this review, we discussed the classification and research progress of various ACT therapies, including TILs, TCR-T, CAR-T and adoptive T cell therapy based on organoid co-culture, and explored the application prospects of ACT as a treatment method for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts on biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma HAN Lin-zi, ZHOU Jian-hua, DONG lei, ZHAO Lu, YUAN Rong-tao China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (1): 84-91.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.01.015 Abstract （156）      PDF （719KB）（91）       Knowledge map    Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world. The occurrence and development of oral cancer are closely related to tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) participated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, remodel extracellular matrix, and activate various biological pathways by secreting various growth factors, cytokines, inflammatory factors, and exosomes, which are of great significance to the occurrence, development, and treatment of OSCC. This article reviews the origin, characteristics, heterogeneity of CAF, and the impact of CAF on the biological behavior of OSCC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of nitrous oxide combined with local anesthesia in extraction of impacted teeth KANG Cheng, ZHU Ting, HAN Shuang, LOU Yi-yi China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 165-169.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.009 Abstract （142）      PDF （575KB）（85）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of nitrous oxide combined with local anesthesia in the extraction of impacted teeth and its effect on patients' anxiety. METHODS: A total of 188 patients undergoing impacted tooth extraction in Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 94 patients in each group. The control group was treated under local anesthesia, and the experimental group was treated under local anesthesia combined with nitrous oxide. The heart rate(HR), Ramsay sedation score and pain VAS score during local anesthesia, tooth extraction and 5 min after tooth extraction were compared between the 2 groups. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale(MDAS) scores and the comfort level of patients after treatment were compared between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: With the change of treatment time, HR in both groups showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing (P<0.05). HR in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group during local anesthesia, tooth extraction and 5 minutes after tooth extraction(P<0.05). The MDAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). Ramsay sedation scores in both groups decreased at first and then increased with the change of treatment time(P<0.05). The Ramsay sedation score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group during local anesthesia, tooth extraction and 5 minutes after tooth extraction (P<0.05). With the change of treatment time, the VAS score of the two groups gradually increased (P<0.05). The VAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group during local anesthesia, tooth extraction and 5 min after tooth extraction(P<0.05). The comfort of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nitrous oxide combined with local anesthesia for extraction of impacted teeth can reduce HR, improve patients' anxiety and sedation, reduce pain and improve comfort. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Risk factors for complications and ICU care of 144 cases with oral and maxillofacial space infection ZHANG Yin-yin, ZHU Yan-yan, DING Jia-hui, SUN Yu-hua China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 148-152.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.006 Abstract （176）      PDF （544KB）（85）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the related risk factors of complications and intensive care unit(ICU) monitoring in patients hospitalized for oral and maxillofacial space infection(OMSI). METHODS: A total of 144 patients with OMSI admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2021 to March 2022 were selected. The patient's age, gender, length of hospital stay, systemic diseases, body mass index(BMI), source of infection and number of involved sites, complications, and laboratory indicators including white blood cell count(WBC), neutrophil percentage (NEU%), C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among 144 patients with OMSI, 52 cases (36.1%) had complications, of which 34.6% had symptoms of airway obstruction; 54 cases (37.5%) were transferred to ICU. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high CRP value (OR=1.005, 95%CI: 1.000-1.011, P=0.048) were risk factors for patients with possible complications. Complications(OR=5.249, 95% CI: 1.644-16.754, P=0.005), hospital stay longer than 10 days (OR=1.166, 95%CI: 1.049-1.295, P=0.004), more space involvement(OR=2.719, 95%CI: 1.658-4.460, P<0.001), and high BMI (OR=1.262, 95%CI: 1.050-1.515, P=0.013) were independent risk factors affecting ICU monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: High CRP and BMI values and the number of infected spaces are closely related to the complications of patients and ICU monitoring. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of such patients and take comprehensive consideration in the treatment process to avoid the occurrence of adverse prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Natural course following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars and their effect on mandibular second molars YANG Qing-ran, XU Guang-zhou China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (4): 365-372.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.04.008 Abstract （126）      PDF （833KB）（81）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the natural course after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars(IM3Ms) and their influence on adjacent mandibular second molars (M2Ms). METHODS: Thirty-four patients (51 IM3Ms) with bone impaction of mandibular third molars were selected. The affected teeth were extracted by piezosurgery and pneumatic turbine handpiece. The postoperative reaction and distal bone defect of M2Ms were observed before operation, 1 week and 6 months after operation. The depth of distal bone defect at M2Ms before and after operation was compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. SPSS 29.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Before surgery, no apparent bone defects were observed in the distal mesial bone of M2Ms, but bone defects occurred during IM3Ms extraction due to bone removal and tooth extraction procedures. After 6 months, although some recovery in bone height was observed and the rate of bone defects decreased, it did not reach the preoperative level. The depth of IM3Ms impaction was the main influencing factor for the recovery rate. Probing depth significantly increased compared to preoperative levels. Patients experienced more pain within 24 hours postoperatively, which eased after 1 week, although mild limitation of mouth opening and facial swelling persisted. The extraction of IM3Ms had minimal impact on patients' daily life, emotions, work, and sleep. CONCLUSIONS: After the mandibular third molar extraction, the distal bone height adjacent to the second molar will partially recover, but it doesn't reach the preoperative level. In order to reduce the impact on adjacent teeth and bone tissue, surgeons need to adopt more refined surgical techniques during tooth extraction. At the same time, analgesic drugs should be given after removal of IM3Ms, and health education should be strengthened to improve the comfort of patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of localized intravascular coagulopathy TAI Mao-zhong, QIN Zhong-ping, ZHENG Jia-wei, LI Ke-lei, LIU Xue-jian, LI Kai, YUAN Si-ming, FAN Xin-dong, ZHOU De-kai, DONG Chang-xian, JI Yi, GU Song, HUO Ran, YANG Yao-wu, WANG Xu-kai China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (4): 313-321.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.04.001 Abstract （120）      PDF （1160KB）（80）       Knowledge map    Localized intravascular coagulopathy(LIC) refers to coagulation disorders such as thrombosis and bleeding that occurred in venous malformations(VMs). It is characterized by abnormally elevated D-dimer(DD) levels, with or without decreased fibrinogen(FIB), and generally without thrombocytopenia. LIC can be complicated with acute pain, excessive bleeding, arthrogryposis, etc. Controversies in its diagnosis and treatment still existed. In order to improve the diagnosis and standardize treatment of LIC in China, we invited relevant experts to discuss and formulate Chinese expert consensus. The consensus provides standardized suggestions on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment process of LIC, which can provide reference for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of vacuum sealing drainage in the treatment of descending necrotizing mediastinitis caused by maxillofacial and neck space infection ZHAO Ran-ran, LI Chen-xi, REZIWANGULI Yasen, GONG Zhong-cheng China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (2): 153-157.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.02.007 Abstract （140）      PDF （1009KB）（80）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) on descending necrotizing mediastinitis(DNM) caused by maxillofacial and neck space infection. METHODS: The clinical data of 53 DNM patients treated with VSD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2014 to July 2023 were reviewed, and the therapeutic effect was summarized and analyzed. SPSS 26.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 53 patients, 3 gave up treatment, 1 died, and the remaining were cured and discharged. Among the 53 patients, the average hospitalization time was (25.3±13.75) d, the average placement time of VSD was (16.15±8.22) d , the average monitoring time of ICU was (12.02±11.56) d, the average number of replacements of VSD was 1.57±1.32. There were significant differences between patients with diabetes and patients with normal blood glucose in length of hospital stay, ICU stay, VSD use, antibiotic use, total hospitalization cost, neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio(N/L value), interleukin-6(IL-6) and D-dimer (D-D) value at admission. CONCLUSIONS: VSD has little surgical trauma in the treatment of DNM, promotes inflammatory absorption, and reduces the pain of dressing change during the course of the disease. For cases of infection to the anterior and lower diaphragm and total mediastinum, combined with closed thoracic drainage or mediastinial incision, the drainage effect is certain and has a distinct clinical application value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the application effects of three occlusal papers in artificial dental implantation PAN Xu-zhen, WANG Yu-jun China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (1): 63-67.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.01.011 Abstract （161）      PDF （578KB）（80）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To compare the application effects of 3 kinds of occlusal paper in artificial dental implantation. METHODS: From February 2020 to February 2022, a total of 117 patients in Zhoushan Stomatological Hospital were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the degree of occlusal tightness, with 39 patients in each group, all of which were single implantation. The occlusal paper with a diameter of 12 μm was used in group A, while 20 μm in group B, and 30 μm in group C. The periodontal indexes(peri-implant bone resorption, probing depth around the implant, gingival index, and tooth mobility) were compared among the three groups at 3 months after restoration. The absolute value of occlusal balance index before restoration, on the day of restoration, and at 3 months after restoration were compared, and the satisfaction of patients and physicians was evaluated. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in periodontal indexes among the three groups (P>0.05). The absolute value comparison of occlusal balance index among the 3 groups showed that 6 months after repair < 3 months after repair < day of repair < before repair (P<0.05). The absolute value of occlusal balance index in group A was significantly lower than that in group B and group C 3 months after repair(P<0.05). The satisfaction of patients and doctors in group A was significantly higher than that in group B and C (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with 20 μm and 30 μm occlusal paper, the application of 12 μm occlusal paper in artificial dental implant restoration can adjust the occlusal balance and improve the satisfaction of patients and doctors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of endoscopic-assisted removal of an maxillary low inverted impacted tooth with cyst in a child in the mixed dentition stage ZHOU Xing-an, BAI Yun-fei, ZHOU Yan-yan, SHANG Duo, SHEN Tie-bing, DELEHEI Bateer China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (3): 309-312.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.03.017 Abstract （119）      PDF （905KB）（76）       Knowledge map    In clinical practice,when extracting maxillary low impacted tooth in children in the mixed dentition stage,the traditional approach of flap elevation and bone removal can lead to potential damage to the permanent tooth germs within the maxillary bone. This damage may result in difficulties with permanent tooth eruption or secondary cyst formation. Additionally,due to the limited compliance of children,traditional surgical incisions pose challenges for postoperative oral and wound care, increasing the risk of postoperative infections and complications. Compared to the traditional tooth extraction method, endoscopic-assisted removal of maxillary low impacted tooth in children in the mixed dentition stage offers enhanced safety and efficiency. Moreover, it facilitates easier postoperative care, effectively reducing the risk of postoperative infections. In this paper, we reported a case of endoscopic-assisted removal of an maxillary low inverted impacted tooth with a cyst in a child in the mixed dentition stage, which was jointly performed by the Department of Stomatology, and the Department of Otolaryngology in our hospital. Based on existing literature, the related advantages, operation points and application of nasal endoscope in other oral surgery were summarized. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics