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20 May 2026, Volume 24 Issue 3 Previous Issue   

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A mentor like a torch, his legacy endures-in memory of beloved teacher academician Qiu Weiliu Zhang Chenping 2026, 24 (3):  209-210.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.001 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (519KB) ( 27 )   Related Articles | Metrics

Expert Consensus

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Chinese expert consensus on topical use of timolol maleate gel for the treatment of infantile hemangioma Zheng Jiawei, Wang Xukai, Liu Xuejian, Jiang Chenghong, Qin Zhongping, Fan Xindong, Li Kai, Yang Yaowu, Huo Ran, Liu Shaohua, Zhao Jihong, Wang Xiaoyong, Zhou Dekai, Lei Shaorong, Ji Yi, Shen Gang, Li Haibo, Hu Fan, Wu Haiwei, Dong Changxian, Wang Qizhang, Wang Huaijie, Guo Xiaonan, Gao Yang, Gao Xibo, Guo Lei 2026, 24 (3):  211-217.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.002 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (1008KB) ( 23 )   Infantile hemangioma is the most common benign tumor in children, with a high incidence in the head and face. Clinically, it is classified into superficial, deep, and mixed types. In 2025, China approved the world’s first topical 0.5% timolol maleate gel for the treatment of infantile hemangioma, ending the history of no dedicated topical medication in this field. As a non-selective β-blocker, this drug promotes the transition of hemangiomas from the proliferative phase to the involuting phase through three mechanisms: vasoconstriction, anti-angiogenesis, and induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. The gel formulation prolongs drug retention at the lesion site, reduces systemic absorption and non-target diffusion risks, and is suitable for the treatment of cutaneous hemangiomas at all body sites. Based on the clinical practice of the gradual popularization and application of timolol maleate gel, this expert consensus was developed through joint discussion by many well-known Chinese experts from different specialties engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of infantile hemangioma, for clinical reference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Experimental study on microsurgical vascular anastomosis guided by 3D-printed intravascular stent Li Wenhao, Zhao Xue, Han Shaowei, Li Yahui, Huang Xu, Chen Chuanjun 2026, 24 (3):  218-222.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.003 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (890KB) ( 17 )   PURPOSE: To explore the feasibility of 3D-printed internal stents in assisting microsurgical vascular anastomosis. METHODS: Twenty healthy New Zealand white rabbits were selected and subjected to a self-controlled design. The bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed and transected: the right side underwent traditional interrupted suture (control group), while the left side was anastomosed after implantation of a 3D-printed pure titanium internal stent (experimental group). The anastomosis time, immediate postoperative and 14-day postoperative vascular patency rates were recorded, and the incidence of anastomotic bleeding was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The anastomosis time of the experimental group was (21.97±2.99) min, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(27.68±4.27) min, P<0.05]. The immediate postoperative patency rate was 100%(20/20) in the experimental group and 90%(18/20) in the control group; the 14-day postoperative patency rate was 95%(19/20) in the experimental group and 75%(15/20) in the control group, with no statistically significant difference in patency rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The bleeding rate of the experimental group was 5% (1/20), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (35%, 7/20, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 3D-printed pure titanium internal stents can significantly shorten the microsurgical vascular anastomosis time and reduce the bleeding rate through mechanical support and suture guidance, without affecting vascular patency. At the same time, it reduces the reliance on the surgeon's fine suture skills, providing a new auxiliary solution for microsurgical vascular anastomosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expression of Rap1B in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its effects on cell proliferation, invasion and migration Xu Yong, Cui Qian, Shao Yu, Xu Jin, Yu Wenyuan, Chen Zhenggang 2026, 24 (3):  223-233.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.004 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (3447KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of Ras-related protein 1B (Rap1B) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient prognosis, while examining the effects of Rap1B silencing on TSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through in vitro experiments, along with exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Rap1B expression in TSCC tissues was initially assessed using the GEPIA database. Rap1B protein levels in tissues were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between Rap1B expression and clinicopathological features, as well as patients' prognosis, was statistically evaluated. Following silencing of Rap1B by small interfering RNA (siRNA), Western blotting was employed to quantify the expression levels of Rap1B, PI3K, Akt, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), p70S6K, phosphorylated p70S6K (p-p70S6K), and EMT-related markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin). Cellular viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were evaluated through CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, Transwell invasion assay, and wound healing assay, respectively. RESULTS: Rap1B exhibited high expression in TSCC tissues (P<0.05). Rap1B expression levels demonstrated significant correlations with clinical TNM stage, depth of tumor invasion, and cervical lymph node metastasis status in TSCC (P<0.05). After Rap1B silencing, the protein expression levels of PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in the experimental group were markedly downregulated (P<0.05), whereas the expression of E-cadherin was significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Silencing of Rap1B resulted in a significant reduction in TSCC cellular viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration (P<0.05), concomitant with a significant elevation in the apoptosis rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Rap1B is highly expressed in TSCC. It facilitates tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, while inhibiting apoptosis, through modulation of the phosphorylation status of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Targeted silencing of Rap1B can significantly suppress these malignant biological behaviors, indicating that Rap1B holds potential as a candidate molecular target for precision therapy in TSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation between immature neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment and the prognosis of HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Liang Weipeng, Dai Zhenlin, Yan Ming, Ruan Min, Zhang Chenping 2026, 24 (3):  234-240.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.005 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (2025KB) ( 15 )   PURPOSE: To characterize neutrophil features in the tumor microenvironment(TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) under different human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status, and to investigate the association between immature neutrophils and disease progression in HPV-negative HNSCC. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GSE164690 dataset were analyzed to compare neutrophil heterogeneity in the TME of HNSCC with different HPV status. Survival analysis based on the TCGA database was performed to evaluate the relationship between immature neutrophils and tumor progression in HPV-negative HNSCC patients. Immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples were used to validate the prognostic significance of immature neutrophils in predicting poor outcomes. RESULTS: This study systematically delineated the functional characteristics of neutrophils in the TME of both HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC. Results demonstrated that immature neutrophils were significantly enriched in HPV-negative HNSCC and correlated with unfavorable patient prognosis. This neutrophil subset also exhibited elevated expression of multiple genes associated with tumor progression and inflammatory responses, including CCL20, INHBA, IL6, CXCL2 and CXCL8. Clinical sample validation confirmed the presence of neutrophils within HPV-negative HNSCC tumor tissues, with significantly higher infiltration levels of immature neutrophils in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils in the TME of HNSCC display distinct characteristics depending on HPV status. Immature neutrophils are closely associated with poor prognosis and tumor progression in HPV-negative HNSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of simultaneous innervated iliac bone flap on long-term quality of life after mandibular reconstruction Wang Jieyu, Zhang Yuhan, Shi Jingcun, Zhang Bingqing, Gu Liwei, Zhang Yinan, Wang Lei 2026, 24 (3):  241-246.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.006 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (816KB) ( 7 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in the long-term quality of life between patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction with simultaneous innervated iliac bone flap and those with traditional vascularized iliac bone flap. METHODS: A total of 24 adult patients who received mandibular reconstruction at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2019 to January 2022 were enrolled and divided into an innervated group (IN group) and a non-innervated group (CO group) with 12 cases in each according to the surgical method. The IN group underwent free vascularized iliac bone flap transplantation combined with microanastomosis of the ilioinguinal nerve and the inferior alveolar nerve, while the CO group only received free vascularized iliac bone flap transplantation without nerve anastomosis. At 3 years postoperatively, the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) was used to evaluate the patients' overall QoL, and a self-designed questionnaire related to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) was adopted to assess the QoL associated with sensory nerve recovery. RESULTS: A total of 48 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The results of the UW-QOL showed that the IN group had higher scores than the CO group in core functional items such as chewing and pronunciation. The items with the lowest scores in both groups were appearance and anxiety. The results of the self-developed IAN-related questionnaire indicated that the IN group had higher scores in sensory-related items than the CO group, and the total score of the 12 questions was also higher. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous innervated iliac bone flaps can effectively improve the long-term quality of life related to sensory nerve function in patients with mandibular defects. The nerve-bone collaborative reconstruction model provides the possibility for achieving long-term stability of the transplanted bone and the recovery of sensory function. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of changes in nutritional status and its influencing factors in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for dento-maxillofacial deformities Yu Jinxian, Liu Ting, Wang Bixia, Jiang Liantian, Yuan Weijun, Gu Fen 2026, 24 (3):  247-254.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.007 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (908KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the trajectory of nutritional status changes and their influencing factors in patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities during orthognathic surgery, so as to provide guidance for the formulation of personalized nutritional intervention plans in clinical practice. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was adopted to select 241 patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgery at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from December 2023 to December 2024. General demographic data, oral and nutrition-related information, and laboratory indicators were collected. Nutritional monitoring was performed using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) scale. The nutritional status of patients with dento-maxillofacial deformities was evaluated at 5 time points (preoperatively, at discharge, 2 weeks postoperatively, 1 month postoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively) based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Among the 241 patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities, the incidence rates of nutritional risk before surgery, at discharge, 2 weeks after surgery, 1 month after surgery, and 3 months after surgery were 18.26%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 69.71% and 25.31%, respectively. Specifically, totally 73 patients (30.29%) had severe malnutrition both at 2 weeks and 1 month after surgery, while 176 patients (73.03%) and 168 patients (69.70%) had mild/moderate malnutrition at discharge and 2 weeks after surgery, respectively. Preoperative weight gain plans, fibrinogen transfusions, blood transfusions, postoperative intake, and discharge dietary plans were the primary factors influencing nutritional status changes in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for dento-maxillofacial deformities (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for dento-maxillofacial deformities present with considerable fluctuations in nutritional risk. In this regard, medical staff should strictly standardize the perioperative indications for fibrinogen infusion and blood transfusion, strengthen nutritional education, assist patients in formulating a rational diet plan, and thus effectively resolve the full-cycle nutritional challenges faced by these patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of flap debridement combined with erythritol subgingival sandblasting in the treatment of peri-implantitis Li Yinglou, Zhang Wentao, Guo Jing 2026, 24 (3):  255-260.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.008 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (736KB) ( 14 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of flap debridement combined with erythritol subgingival sandblasting in the treatment of peri-implantitis(PI). METHODS: A total of 90 patients with PI in Hospital of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2023 to March 2025 were selected and divided into the debridement group(n=45, flap debridement alone) and the debridement + sandblasting group (n=45, flap debridement combined with erythritol subgingival sandblasting) using the random number table method. Periodontal status indicators [plaque index, sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD)] and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) related indicators [GCF volume, interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteopontin] were compared between the two groups before treatment and 1 month after treatment. Clinical efficacy was evaluated 3 months after treatment, and oral health-related quality of life(assessed by OHIP-49 scores) was measured at different time points. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the plaque index, SBI, PD, GCF volume, IL-6 and osteopontin levels in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement amplitude in the debridement + sandblasting group was greater (P<0.05). Three months after treatment, the total effective rate of the debridement + sandblasting group(95.56%) was significantly higher than that of the debridement group (80.00%, P<0.05). At 1 month and 3 months after treatment, the OHIP-49 scores of both groups were continuously decreased compared with those before treatment, and the scores in the debridement + sandblasting group were significantly lower than those in the debridement group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Flap debridement combined with erythritol subgingival sandblasting for peri-implantitis can more effectively remove plaque, alleviate periodontal inflammation, reduce periodontal pocket depth, relieve inflammatory response, and improve patients' quality of life. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of continuous care for discharged oral tumor patients with indwelling tubes based on the "three-dimensional quality structure" model Yu Xixi, Xu Zhufeng, Wang Yueping, Xie Yuting, Shi Jiamin, Wang Qingyan 2026, 24 (3):  261-265.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.009 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (644KB) ( 6 )   PURPOSE: To construct an evaluation index system for the continuous care of discharged oral tumor patients with indwelling tubes, providing a feasible quantitative tool for the clinical application of the continuous care index system, and improving the quality of care. METHODS: Based on the "structure-process-result" three-dimensional quality model as the theoretical framework, literature was used to retrieve the evaluation index elements of continuous care in other fields. Combined with the qualitative research on the continuous care of discharged patients with tubes in oral and maxillofacial surgery, the quality index system elements of continuous care for discharged patients with tubes were extracted. Subsequently, the Delphi expert inquiry method was adopted as the research approach to determine the content and significance of each indicator, and the weights of each level of indicators were determined through the analytic hierarchy process. RESULTS: After two rounds of expert inquiries, an initial evaluation system for the continuous care indicators of discharged patients in custody was established. This research system mainly consisted of 3 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators and 25 third-level indicators. Two rounds of expert inquiries were conducted. The experts provided high cooperation and attention, and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires was 100% in both rounds. The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.832 and 0.847 respectively, and the rates of expert opinions were 84.62% and 92%. The Kendall coordination coefficients of each indicator in the two rounds of expert inquiries ranged from 0.396 to 0.424. CONCLUSIONS: The constructed evaluation index system for continuous care of discharged oral tumor patients with indwelling tubes is scientific and reliable. It quantitatively analyzes the relevant indicators of continuous care for this specific population, providing a theoretical basis for the comprehensive standardization of continuous care practices. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation of Leptin, HMGB1, and SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid with peri-implantitis and their predictive value for prognosis Wei Zicheng, Dong Yu, Hou Deqiang, Li Xin, Ding Zhuang 2026, 24 (3):  266-271.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.010 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (718KB) ( 7 )   PURPOSE: To explore the correlation between gingival crevicular fluid leptin, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peri-implantitis (PI) in patients with dental implant restoration, and their predictive value for poor prognosis. METHODS: A total of 295 patients who received dental implant restoration at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from July 2020 to July 2024 were enrolled, including 61 patients with PI (PI group) and 234 patients with healthy implants (non-PI group). ELISA was used to detect the levels of leptin, HMGB1 and SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between the three indicators and plaque index (PLI), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD). ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the three indicators for poor prognosis in PI patients. RESULTS: GCF levels of leptin and HMGB1 were significantly higher, while SIRT1 levels were significantly lower in the PI group compared to the non-PI group (P<0.001). PLI, SBI, and PD were also significantly elevated in the PI group (P<0.001). Leptin and HMGB1 showed significant positive correlations with PLI, SBI and PD (P<0.001), whereas SIRT1 exhibited significant negative correlations with these clinical indices (P<0.001). Among PI patients, those with poor prognosis (n=21) had significantly higher rates of fever, greater proportion of stage IV disease, elevated white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count (NG), and higher GCF levels of leptin and HMGB1, along with significantly lower SIRT1 levels, compared to those with favorable prognosis (n=40) (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of leptin, HMGB1 and SIRT1 combined to predict poor prognosis was 0.946 (95%CI: 0.892-0.985), which was significantly higher than that of single indicators(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dental implant restoration complicated with PI have high expression of leptin and HMGB1 and low expression of SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid, which are closely related to the occurrence and severity of PI. Combined detection of the three indicators has high predictive value for poor prognosis of PI patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive value of a POSSUM-based nomogram model for postoperative pulmonary infection in oral cancer patients Peng yan, Yuan Feng, Tong Yiran, Zou Jiajia, Ma Gaili, Zhang Ziying, Guo Jun 2026, 24 (3):  272-279.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.011 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 8 )   PURPOSE: To explore the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with oral cancer and construct a risk prediction model based on the POSSUM score. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling 201 patients with oral cancer who underwent surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from January 2021 to December 2023. The patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group according to the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary infection. The POSSUM scoring system was used to evaluate the perioperative risks of the patients. Potential risk factors were screened out by univariate analysis, and independent risk factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The nomogram prediction model was established using the rms package in R language. The performance of the model was verified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. RESULTS: Among the 201 patients, totally 36 cases developed postoperative pulmonary infection and 165 cases had no infection, with the incidence rate of postoperative pulmonary infection being 17.9%. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogenic bacteria. Statistically significant differences were observed between the infection group and non-information group in terms of tracheotomy status, postoperative antibiotic application, length of hospital stay, albumin level, operation time and POSSUM score (P<0.05). Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tracheotomy status, length of hospital stay and POSSUM score were independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infection in patients with oral cancer (P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the risk prediction model constructed based on the above risk factors was 0.878, which was higher than the AUC values of tracheotomy status, length of hospital stay and POSSUM score alone. Meanwhile, the model had high credibility in the calibration verification curve. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test indicated that the nomogram model had good consistency in predicting postoperative pulmonary infection in oral cancer patients (χ2=4.064, P=0.851; df=8). CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram model constructed based on tracheotomy status, length of hospital stay and POSSUM score has good predictive performance for postoperative pulmonary infection in oral cancer patients. It can provide a quantitative tool for clinical early identification of high-risk patients and formulation of individualized prevention and control strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the journey map of young and middle-aged patients with oral cancer Zhao Xiaomei, Hou Lili, Hu Longwei, Shen Chaoqun, Zhang Ailin, Hao Guihua 2026, 24 (3):  280-287.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.012 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (1467KB) ( 16 )   PURPOSE: To construct a journey map of young and middle-aged patients with oral cancer, comprehensively identifying their health management tasks, pain points, and opportunities throughout the cancer journey, thereby providing a reference for optimizing their holistic care. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative research method was employed. From November 2024 to March 2025, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 young and middle-aged oral cancer patients. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and develop a patient journey map. RESULTS: According to the timeline of diagnosis and treatment, the health management experiences of young and middle-aged adult patients with oral cancer were subdivided and summarized into 42 themes from four dimensions: tasks, emotions, pain points, and opportunities. A patient journey map was constructed accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: Young and middle-aged oral cancer patients face multifaceted challenges during diagnosis and treatment. Future efforts should leverage the journey map to optimize clinical workflows, enhance the quality of rehabilitation guidance, and strengthen information communication and sharing to meet patients' decision-making needs. These measures can improve the holistic care experience, quality of life, and rehabilitation outcomes for this population. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of influencing factors on the apical bone condition of implants after graft-less osteotome sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement Liu Zihua, Yang Qingran, Xu Guangzhou 2026, 24 (3):  288-295.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.013 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (1294KB) ( 6 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the apical bone condition (bone exposure/bone coverage) of implants and influencing factors following graft-less osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) and provide evidence for clinicians. METHODS: Patients who underwent non-grafted OSFE in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2011 to December 2022 were enrolled. Based on CBCT evaluations at 6 months post-implantation, the patients were divided into an apical bone coverage group and an apical bone exposure group. Parameters including residual bone height (RBH), sinus cavity width (SW), implant protrusion length (IPL), and bucco-palatal sinus contour were measured. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) with binary logistic regression was established to identify risk factors for apical bone exposure. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients (112 implants) were included. At 6 months postoperatively, totally 80.36% (90/112) of the implants achieved periapical bone coverage, with an endo-sinus bone gain of (2.60±1.09) mm. GEE analysis showed that increased sinus width (OR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.00-1.46, P=0.045), square-shaped sinus cavity (OR=4.46, 95%CI: 1.16-17.24, P=0.030), IPL≥4mm (OR=5.05, 95%CI: 1.64-15.59, P=0.005), and periodontitis (OR=3.46, 95%CI: 1.09-10.92, P=0.035) were independent risk factors for periapical bone exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Periapical bone coverage after graft-less OSFE is affected by implant protrusion length, bucco-palatal contour of the maxillary sinus, and sinus width. Preoperative CBCT evaluation of anatomical conditions should be conducted to formulate appropriate clinical plans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the efficacy of no crown-amputation technique for the extraction of specific mesioangular high-positioned mandibular third molar Zhao Liyuan, Chen Chong, Zhang Chenhuan 2026, 24 (3):  296-301.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.014 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (843KB) ( 20 )   PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of no crown-amputation technique versus the traditional tooth-division technique in the extraction of specific high-positioned mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: A total of 92 patients with high-positioned mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars admitted to Suzhou Stomatological Hospital from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 46 cases in each group. The control group underwent extraction using the traditional tooth-division technique, while the experimental group was treated with no crown-amputation technique. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: operation time, preoperative anxiety level, intraoperative complications (including root fracture, gingival laceration, and lingual plate fracture), postoperative complications (including pain, swelling, trismus, bleeding, dry socket, and temporomandibular joint pain), and the status of the adjacent tooth. RESULTS: The operation time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group, and the preoperative anxiety level was also significantly lower (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of root fracture, gingival laceration and lingual cortical plate fracture between the two groups (P>0.05). The pain scores and the degree of trismus in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1 and 3 days postoperatively (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found between the two groups at 7 days postoperatively (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the degree of postoperative swelling, nor in the incidences of adjacent tooth mobility, bleeding and dry socket (P>0.05). The incidence of temporomandibular joint pain in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the incidence of masticatory weakness of adjacent teeth postoperatively was significantly higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For specific types of mesioangular high-position mandibular impacted third molars, extraction via the crown-non-separation method has the advantages of shorter operation time, milder preoperative anxiety, less early postoperative pain and trismus, and a lower incidence of temporomandibular joint pain. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of STA-controlled anterior middle superior alveolar nerve block anesthesia in pediatric comfortable dental treatment Cai Tingting, Han Mengran, Fu Yongwei 2026, 24 (3):  302-307.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.015 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (785KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of STA-controlled anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block anesthesia in pediatric comfortable dental treatment, and to explore its role in improving treatment compliance and reducing anxiety responses. METHODS: A total of 60 children aged 4-8 years who required non-acute conditions treatment for bilateral maxillary first and second deciduous molars from May 2024 to May 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into the STA-AMSA group (n=30, AMSA nerve block anesthesia via STA computer-controlled system) and the traditional group (n=30, conventional buccal infiltration anesthesia). Both groups were administered 4% articaine with epinephrine as the anesthetic. Baseline characteristics, Sound-Eye-Motor (SEM) pain scores, Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale scores, anesthetic technical parameters, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: During anesthesia and treatment, the STA-AMSA group showed significantly lower SEM scores in all dimensions and total scores than the traditional group (P<0.05). During anesthesia, the Wong-Baker score for needle insertion was higher in the STA-AMSA group, while scores for drug injection, needle withdrawal, and overall rating were significantly lower than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). During treatment, the Wong-Baker scores for tooth preparation and filling repair in the STA-AMSA group were significantly lower than those in the traditional group (P<0.05). The STA-AMSA group had shorter anesthetic onset time, longer duration, and higher scores for anesthetic coverage and depth than the traditional group (P<0.05). Regarding local adverse reactions, the incidence of injection site pain in the STA-AMSA group was significantly lower than that in the traditional group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: STA-AMSA anesthesia can significantly optimize the anesthetic effect in pediatric comfortable dental treatment, effectively reduce pain and anxiety responses, and has good clinical applicability and promotion prospects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence-Based Medicine

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The impact of enhanced recovery after surgery nursing on the prognosis of patients undergoing head and neck free flap transplantation: a meta-analysis Wang Na, Ni Xiaowei, Zhao Wenbo 2026, 24 (3):  308-316.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.016 Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (2049KB) ( 8 )   PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) nursing on the prognosis of patients after head and neck free flap transplantation, and to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing clinical nursing plans. METHODS: Databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to April 1, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing ERAS nursing with conventional nursing were included. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies involving 902 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that ERAS nursing significantly reduced the risk of flap necrosis [RR=0.20, 95%CI (0.08, 0.51), P=0.0008], pressure injury incidence [RR=0.28, 95%CI (0.11, 0.71), P=0.008], relieved anxiety [SMD=-1.95, 95%CI (-3.10, -0.81), P=0.0008], alleviated postoperative pain [SMD=-1.16, 95%CI(-1.48, -0.83), P<0.00001], and shortened total hospital stay [SMD=-1.56, 95%CI (-2.18, -0.94), Z=4.95, P<0.00001]. However, there were no significant differences between ERAS nursing and conventional nursing in the incidence of vascular crisis [RR=0.74, 95%CI (0.31, 1.75), P=0.49], pulmonary infection [RR=0.40, 95%CI (0.16, 1.01), P=0.05], and wound infection [RR=0.54, 95%CI (0.29, 1.03), P=0.06]. CONCLUSIONS: ERAS nursing does not affect flap safety after head and neck free flap transplantation, and can effectively reduce the risk of pressure injury, shorten hospital stay, and relieve anxiety and pain. However, it has no obvious advantages in preventing pulmonary infection and wound infection, and more high-quality studies are needed for further verification. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Peripheral myxoma of the gingiva: a case report Bian Yifu, Shen Jiayu, Duan Xinliang, Cheng Xue, Han Bing 2026, 24 (3):  317-319.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.017 Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (1113KB) ( 10 )   Peripheral myxoma arising in soft tissues such as the gingiva is a rare entity. This article reported a case of peripheral myxoma of the right maxillary gingiva in a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a painless pedunculated mass on the buccal gingiva adjacent to the right maxillary teeth 14 to 16 for more than one year. Imaging examinations revealed no jaw bone destruction. Wide local excision under general anesthesia was performed, along with curettage of the bony surface and grinding with an ultrasonic bone knife. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining showed scattered spindle/stellate cells in an abundant myxoid stroma with mild atypia, rare mitoses, and a focal mild inflammatory cell infiltrate; no definite odontogenic epithelial components were identified. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated positive Vimentin expression, focal positive SMA expression, negative CK expression, and a Ki-67 proliferation index of approximately 20%. Peripheral myxoma needed to be differentiated from peripheral odontogenic myxoma (POM) and epulis with myxoid degeneration. This case suggested that the origin of gingival myxoid masses should be determined with caution. For lesions without bone invasion, adequate soft tissue excision combined with bony surface curettage and long-term follow-up are recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Robot assisted extraction of impacted supernumerary teeth: report of 3 cases and literature review Chai Jiaxuan, Guan Qunli, Wang Hang, Han Linzi, Du Dejiang, Yang Yinhui, Wang Yaozhong 2026, 24 (3):  320-324.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.018 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1784KB) ( 16 )   Supernumerary teeth referred to teeth beyond the normal number of teeth in the dental arch, commonly found in the maxillary premolar area and often embedded in the jawbone. The treatment plan for supernumerary teeth was mostly direct extraction, but localization has always been a challenge. This study introduced three cases of robot assisted extraction of supernumerary teeth. The surgical process utilized a small incision and could be accurately located, achieving the effect of short operation time, mild swelling in postoperative patients, no complications, and satisfactory clinical outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics