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20 March 2026, Volume 24 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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Analysis of the expression of Glut-1 and HIF-1α in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation with prognosis Han Shengwei, Tang Chuanchao, Wang Yufeng, Han Wei 2026, 24 (2):  105-109.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.001 Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (917KB) ( 9 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression levels of glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α(HIF-1α) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues, and their correlation with clinicopathological features and patients' prognosis. METHODS: Tumor tissue samples from 80 OSCC patients treated in Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from January 2018 to December 2019 were collected. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of Glut-1 and HIF-1α, and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients was analyzed. RESULTS: The high expression of Glut-1 was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P=0.006), with higher Glut-1 expression in poorly differentiated tumors. The high expression of HIF-1α was closely related to tumor pathological grade (P<0.001) and tumor size (P=0.032), with stronger HIF-1α expression in high-grade and larger-sized tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high expression of both Glut-1 and HIF-1α had the worst prognosis (P=0.006). Cox multivariate analysis confirmed that simultaneous high expression of Glut-1 and HIF-1α was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in OSCC patients(HR=2.787, P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of Glut-1 and HIF-1α are closely related to OSCC tumor grading, and patients with simultaneous high expression of both have worse clinical prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of the effect of modified reciprocating saw in mandibular angleplasty Chen Zhiyun, Xiang Xuefei, Chen Youli, An Peng, Tang Zhenglong, Wang Yu 2026, 24 (2):  110-113.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.002 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (840KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of modified reciprocating saw in mandibular angleplasty, and to provide a reference for the selection of clinical surgical instruments. METHORDS: The clinical data of 16 patients with bilateral mandibular angle hypertrophy who underwent mandibular angleplasty in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from March 2021 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent osteotomy with a modified reciprocating saw. Spiral CT was used to measure data such as preoperative and postoperative mandibular angle, mandibular symmetry(horizontal difference between bilateral mandibular angle points and the midfacial plane), lower facial width (distance between bilateral mandibular angle points), and height of the posterior ascending ramus of the mandible (distance from the condylar vertex to the mandibular angle point). In addition, patient satisfaction and postoperative complications were followed up. RESULTS: All postoperative indicators were significantly improved compared with preoperative ones. The mandibular angle increased from 105.99°±4.67° to 113.87°±3.80° (P<0.05); the mandibular symmetry improved from (4.21±3.26) mm to (2.11±1.59) mm (P<0.05); the lower facial width decreased from (98.23±7.88) mm to (96.09±8.25) mm (P<0.05); and the height of the posterior ascending ramus of the mandible decreased from (62.32±5.26) mm to (44.47±4.97) mm(P<0.05). During the 6-12 month follow-up, no serious complications such as soft tissue sagging or condylar fracture were observed, and the patient satisfaction after surgery was significantly higher than that before surgery (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The application of the modified reciprocating saw in mandibular angleplasty can effectively improve the mandibular angle, symmetry, and lower facial width, significantly reduce the risk of soft tissue sagging, with few complications and high patient satisfaction. It is expected to become the preferred instrument for this surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on brachytherapy for elderly local advanced maxillofacial adenogenic malignancies based on biological target area Ding Zixue, Zhuang Qianwei, Ge Liangyu, Xu Xinchen, Shao Cuiling, Meng Jian 2026, 24 (2):  114-121.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.003 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To explore the application value of biological target volume(BTV) delineated by 18F-FDG PET-CT in brachytherapy for elderly patients with locally advanced maxillofacial adenogenic malignant tumors, and to compare the differences from gross tumor volume (GTV) delineated by contrast-enhanced CT and their impacts on treatment outcomes. METHODS: Eighteen elderly patients with maxillofacial adenogenic malignant tumors admitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were enrolled. Preoperative 18F-FDG PET-CT and maxillofacial contrast-enhanced CT were performed, and imaging data were imported into the brachytherapy planning system(BTPS) to delineate BTV and GTV, respectively. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (implanted with 125I seeds according to BTV) and the control group (implanted according to GTV). Target volume, postoperative dose distribution, short-term efficacy, and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The volume of BTV was (49.15±5.37) cm3, which was significantly smaller than that of GTV[(52.36±3.53) cm3](P<0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative D90, D100, mean dose, and V100 between the two groups(P>0.05). Within 12 months after surgery, the effective rates of the two groups were both 100%, and the clinical benefit rates were both 100%, with no significant difference(P>0.05). No grade 4 radiation reactions occurred in either group, and local symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The biological target volume delineated by 18F-FDG PET-CT can reduce the range of tumor target volume, alleviate radiation damage while ensuring target dose, and does not affect the treatment effect, providing a more precise target delineation method for brachytherapy of elderly patients with locally advanced maxillofacial adenogenic malignant tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the correlation between clinical characteristics and secondary effects of mesiodens during the replacement period Ren Qun, Zhang Kejian, Li Xiang, Liu Wenjing, Zhang Tai, Liu Xiaolin 2026, 24 (2):  122-127.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.004 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1112KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the characteristics of single mesiodens during the replacement period and their secondary effects on adjacent tissues using CBCT, so as to provide a reference for the formulation of clinical diagnosis and treatment plans. METHODS: A total of 305 patients with mesiodens in the mixed dentition period (305 mesiodens) who visited the Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University from January 2023 to December 2024 were included retrospectively. The coronal, sagittal and horizontal positions as well as the morphology of mesiodens were evaluated by CBCT, and the correlation between mesiodens and secondary effects such as permanent tooth displacement, impaction and adjacent tooth space was analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was (7.97±1.69) years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.96∶1. A total of 51.48% (157/305) of mesiodens caused secondary effects on adjacent tissues. Correlation analysis showed that whether mesiodens caused secondary effects was not related to the patient's gender, age or horizontal position(P>0.05), but was significantly related to the coronal position, sagittal position, and morphology (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the specific types of secondary effects among mesiodens with different positions and morphologies (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The coronal and sagittal positions and shapes of mesiodens during the replacement period are related to secondary effects. Early determination of the position of mesiodens through CBCT is of great significance for determining treatment plans. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of microimplant anchorage in depressing maxillary elongated molars and CBCT assessment of root resorption risks Gu Meng, Li Yujia, Yuan Deyan 2026, 24 (2):  128-132.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.005 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (898KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of microimplant anchorage(MIA) in the intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars and the risk of root resorption using CBCT. METHODS: A total of 119 patients with overerupted maxillary molars(130 overerupted maxillary molars in total) admitted to the 904th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force from February 2021 to May 2024 were selected, and all received molar intrusion treatment using MIA technology. CBCT scans were performed before and after treatment. The vertical distance from the molar to the palatal plane(ANS-PNS) was measured to assess the intrusion effect; the tooth length, alveolar bone height at the cervical margin, periodontal probing depth(PD), and modified bleeding index(mBI) were measured. Levander classification was used to evaluate root resorption, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14(OHIP-14) and dental function scale were used to assess patients' quality of life and dental function. RESULTS: All 130 overerupted maxillary molars achieved effective intrusion: the vertical distance from the molar to the ANS-PNS plane was (26.43±1.04) mm before treatment, which decreased to (24.51±1.02) mm after treatment, with an average intrusion of (1.92±0.29) mm. After treatment, the tooth length, alveolar bone height at the cervical margin were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). At 3 months after treatment, 30 molars(23.1%) had mild resorption, and 4 molars (3.1%) had moderate resorption; at 6 months after treatment, only 17 molars(13.1%) had residual mild resorption, and no severe/extreme severe resorption was observed. At 3 months after treatment, the OHIP-14 score decreased significantly, and the dental function score increased significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MIA has significant effect on the intrusion of overerupted maxillary molars. It can improve tooth morphology and periodontal status, enhance patients' function and quality of life, and has a low risk of root resorption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Surgical treatment of total glossectomy for advanced tongue cancer: a clinical analysis of 62 cases Xu Huixia, Kou Jiahao, Li Fuyan, Jiang Chenxi, Cao Ting, Sun Guowen 2026, 24 (2):  133-138.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.006 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1079KB) ( 5 )   PURPOSE: To review the surgical data and related prognostic data of patients with advanced tongue cancer requiring total glossectomy, and to provide a reference for surgical decision-making and optimization in such patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 62 patients with advanced tongue cancer who underwent total glossectomy in Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University from January 2013 to December 2024 were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical methods: group A(n=40) underwent lesion resection + neck dissection, and group B (n=22) underwent En bloc resection (En bloc removal of large cervical tissue and tongue cancer lesions). Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival rate, and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of recurrence and metastasis. RESULTS: The recurrence and metastasis rate of group A was 17.50%(7/40), with a 3-year survival rate of 75.00%; the recurrence and metastasis rate of group B was 22.73% (5/22), with a 3-year survival rate of 68.18%. Cox regression analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between surgical method selection and postoperative recurrence and metastasis (P=0.537). There was no significant difference in the survival curves between the two groups (P=0.505). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in survival rate between the two groups regardless of lymph node status(pN0-pN1, P=0.879; pN2-pN3, P=0.523). Lymph node status (pN2-pN3 vs pN0-pN1, HR=4.193, P=0.02) and extranodal extension(ENE positive, HR=4.158, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate of patients with advanced tongue cancer is relatively low, and surgical plans should be comprehensively considered based on cervical lymph node status and tumor invasion. For patients with no preoperative clinical examination or imaging evidence of cervical lymph node metastasis or tumor protrusion into the submandibular space, "lesion resection + neck dissection" can be considered. If lymph node metastasis has occurred or the tumor has protruded into the submandibular space, En bloc resection should be performed, and attention should be paid to the management of the floor of mouth during operation. For soft tissue defects formed during operation, an appropriate repair method should be selected based on comprehensive consideration of multiple factors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of buccal triangular flap transfer and suturing on postoperative healing and complications following mandibular impacted third molar extraction Gao Changle, Liu Kun, Lei Rongchang, Jiang Zhisheng, Liao Jun, Chai An 2026, 24 (2):  139-143.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.007 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (749KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To explore the efficacy and safety of buccal triangular flap transfer and suturing for wound repair after extraction of partially erupted mandibular impacted third molars(MITM), and to propose a personalized suturing scheme for clinical reference. METHODS: A total of 90 patients with mesially/horizontally impacted MITM (partially erupted crowns) treated in Changsha Stomatological Hospital from January 2024 to January 2025 were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group(n=47, buccal triangular flap transfer and suturing) and the control group(n=43, primary approximation and suturing). The primary wound healing rate after surgery, the incidence of food impaction and the occurrence of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline data (gender, age, impaction type) between the two groups (P>0.05), but the proportion of patients with maximum gingival flap defect width >5 mm was significantly higher in the experimental group (P=0.043). The primary healing rate was significantly higher in the experimental group(82.97%) than in the control group (32.55%), while the secondary healing rate was significantly lower (17.02% vs 67.45%, P<0.001) in the experimental group. Subgroup analysis showed that the primary healing rate was 100% in both groups when the defect width ≤5 mm(P>0.05), but significantly higher in the experimental group (81.82%) than in the control group (14.71%) when the defect width >5 mm (P<0.001). The incidence of food impaction in the experimental group was 50.4% lower than that in the control group(P<0.001). Facial swelling in the experimental group was slightly more severe than that in the control group on postoperative day 3 (P=0.025), but no differences were observed on day 1 or days 7-10(P>0.05). There were no significant differences in pain scores or mouth opening between the two groups at any time point(P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.01). No dry socket osteitis occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Despite more severe gingival flap defects at baseline, buccal triangular flap transfer suturing significantly improves the primary healing rate of MITM extraction wounds (especially when the defect width>5 mm), effectively reduces food impaction and postoperative bleeding, and has high safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multiple intubation attempts in obese patients during oral and maxillofacial surgery: analysis of risk factors Nijiati Mierkamili, Zhou Ren, Sun Yu 2026, 24 (2):  144-149.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.008 Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (704KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the risk factors for increased tracheal intubation attempts in obese patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery. METHODS: A total of 1 425 obese patients (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) who underwent general anesthesia for oral and maxillofacial surgery in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2021 to July 2024 were enrolled retrospectively. The patients' medical history, airway anatomical parameters and data related to anesthetic induction were collected. According to the number of tracheal intubation attempts, the patients were divided into the single-attempt success group(n=1 394) and the multiple-attempt intubation group (n=31). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for increased number of tracheal intubation attempts. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that limited neck mobility (OR=4.71, 95%CI: 1.03-15.44, P=0.021) and maxillary protrusion(OR=11.999, 95%CI: 1.682-55.128, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for multiple intubation attempts. The use of sufentanil was identified as a protective factor(OR=0.394, 95%CI: 0.187-0.789, P=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative assessment of obese patients scheduled for maxillofacial surgery should emphasize evaluating neck mobility and maxillary protrusion. When necessary, difficult airway management protocols or awake intubation should be considered. Appropriate selection of anesthetic agents and induction strategies may help reduce the incidence of multiple intubation attempts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of strict controlled hypotension on intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative renal function in orthognathic surgery Xu Yunxin, Liu Hua, Lyu Xiang 2026, 24 (2):  150-154.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.009 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (608KB) ( 3 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of strict controlled hypotension (mean arterial pressure≤55 mmHg) on intraoperative blood loss and postoperative renal function in orthognathic surgery. METHODS: A total of 117 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2024 to March 2025 were selected and divided into the strict controlled hypotension group (group S, MAP≤55 mmHg) and the conventional management group (group C, MAP>55 mmHg) according to the intraoperative blood pressure management strategy. The primary indicators such as intraoperative blood loss and postoperative incidence of acute kidney injury, as well as the secondary indicators such as postoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and operation duration, were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The intraoperative blood loss in group S was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative creatinine, Δ creatinine (the difference between postoperative and preoperative creatinine) and creatinine variation rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit in group S were significantly higher than those in group C (P<0.05), and the hypotension duration in group S was significantly longer than that in group C (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in intraoperative urine output, operation time, allogeneic blood transfusion rate, postoperative adverse event rate and length of hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of strict controlled hypotension (MAP≤55 mmHg) in orthognathic surgery can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss without increasing the risk of postoperative renal function injury and adverse events, and has good safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Evaluation of clinical effect of forearm flap with double thickness skin graft obtained by proximal cardiac step incision for repairing donor site defect Ming Huawei, He Yun, Yuan Zongyi, Zhang Xing'an, Jia Jiaxin, Chen Fangyuan, Liu Zilong, Tan Xiaoyao 2026, 24 (2):  155-160.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.010 Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1486KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and evaluate the clinical effect of double thickness skin graft obtained by proximal cardiac step incision in repairing the wound of forearm flap donor site. METHODS: From January 2023 to December 2024, 12 patients with oral cancer who required simultaneous forearm flap transplantation after surgery were enrolled in Nanchong Central Hospital. During flap preparation, two full-thickness skin grafts were harvested from the proximal side of the forearm flap using a stepped incision design. After in vitro splicing, the grafts were transplanted to repair the donor site defect. Postoperative follow-up lasted 3-6 months to evaluate donor site healing, complications, and patient satisfaction with aesthetics and function. RESULTS: All 12 patients successfully underwent forearm flap preparation, double full-thickness skin graft harvesting, and in vitro splicing. The donor sites of 11 cases achieved primary closure, and all forearm flaps survived. One skin graft developed necrosis due to excessive suture tension, which healed with scarring after dressing changes; the remaining 11 skin grafts survived completely, with small donor site scars, unimpaired wrist flexion-extension function, and high patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise harvesting of full-thickness skin grafts from the proximal forearm flap and splicing for donor site repair can avoid injury to the third surgical area, reduce surgical trauma, and achieve minimally invasive repair of the donor site. It is a feasible solution for the repair of donor site defects of the forearm flap. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Research on the combination of digital and traditional cephalometric measurement technology in practical teaching of orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment Bie Miaomiao, Liu Jing, Dai Qinggang 2026, 24 (2):  161-165.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.011 Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (921KB) ( 4 )   PURPOSE: To compare the application value of three cephalometric teaching modes(digital software tracing, traditional manual tracing, and the combination of these two methods) in the practical teaching of orthodontic-orthognathic combined treatment. METHODS: A total of 18 undergraduate students majoring in stomatology who practiced at the 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 students in each group. Students in the three groups were taught Steiner cephalometric analysis using the Dolphin digital cephalometric software (the digital group), the traditional manual tracing method(the traditional group), and the combined method of the two approaches(the combined group), respectively. A 4-week intensive teaching and training program was carried out. Assessments were conducted at the end of the 2nd week and upon the completion of the training. The effects of different teaching methods were evaluated by comparing the differences between the measured values obtained by the students and the standard values. RESULTS: All students completed the course, with a 100% qualification rate of the experimental reports. After 2 weeks of training, the combined group showed significantly lower differences in core measurement items including SNA, SNB, ANB, U1-SN, U1-L1 and MP-SN compared with the traditional group and digital group(P<0.05). After 4 weeks of training, there were no significant differences in the deviations of all measurement items among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of digital software and traditional methods can achieve favorable teaching effects in cephalometric teaching for combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. It provides more experience for the digital teaching of combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment, and also offers a reference for the inheritance of traditional methods, which is worthy of further improvement and popularization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Evidence-Based Medicine

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Meta-analysis of the impact of sinus membrane perforation on long-term stability of dental implants Xia Liang, Xu Zonghe, Zou Duohong 2026, 24 (2):  166-175.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.012 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (2084KB) ( 5 )   PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the effect of sinus membrane perforation during maxillary sinus floor elevation(MSFE) on the long-term stability of implants by meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and VIP databases for relevant studies published from database inception to December 2023. Clinical studies investigating the effect of sinus membrane perforation during MSFE on implant outcomes were screened. Eligible studies underwent rigorous quality assessment, and those meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 studies were included, comprising 2 758 patients and 6 695 implants. The overall quality of the included studies was high, and the incidence of membrane perforation was 26.86%. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in implant success rates between perforated and non-perforated cases [RR=0.99, 95%CI (0.97, 1.01)], and no correlation with follow-up duration. Subgroup analysis showed that when the perforation size was classified as small or moderate, implant success rates were comparable to those in non-perforated cases. However, large perforations were associated with a trend toward decreased success rates, though not statistically significant [RR=0.85, 95%CI (0.58, 1.26)]. Regarding complications, the incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the perforation group [RR=18.79, 95%CI (1.09, 325.16)], as was the incidence of postoperative infection [RR= 13.05, 95%CI(2.13, 79.9)]. No significant difference was found in graft failure rates between the two groups[RR=0.86, 95%CI(0.34, 5.36)]. CONCLUSIONS: Sinus membrane perforation is the most common intraoperative complication during MSFE. While membrane perforation does not significantly impact overall implant success rates, larger perforations may compromise long-term stability. Moreover, membrane perforation is significantly associated with increased risks of postoperative infection and bleeding. Clinicians should pay close attention to the identification and classification of membrane perforations and adopt appropriate repair strategies accordingly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Articles

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Research progress on the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and progression of hemangiomas Ma Ruoyan, Wang Junbin, Zhen Lixiao, Zhou Yuncai, Liu Xuejian 2026, 24 (2):  176-184.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.013 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1287KB) ( 4 )   Hemangioma is a common vascular tumor caused by the abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells; its rapid early growth can lead to disfigurement and functional impairment. The precise pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Recent studies show that mitochondrial dysfunction is not only closely associated with abnormal endothelial-cell proliferation, but also plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of hemangioma. This article focused on elaborating the risk factors of hemangioma, the pathogenesis related to mitochondria, as well as prevention and treatment, providing new insights and theoretical basis for the research on the pathological mechanism of hemangioma and the formulation of noval clinical treatment strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the application of high-frequency ultrasound examination in the diagnosis and treatment of parotid gland diseases Sun Zhichao, Shi Wenjing, Chen Gang 2026, 24 (2):  185-189.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.014 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (640KB) ( 9 )   Parotid gland diseases are highly diverse, including neoplastic lesions, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and etc. Owing to the complex anatomical structure of the parotid gland and its involvement with vital structures such as the facial nerve, accurate preoperative diagnosis directly influences the making of surgical plans and prediction of the prognosis of patients. High-frequency ultrasound(HFUS), as the preferred imaging examination method for parotid gland diseases, plays a crucial role in disease diagnosis, treatment decision-making, and follow-up due to its advantages of real-time imaging, non-invasiveness, and high resolution. In recent years, with the development of new technologies like elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and interventional ultrasound, the application value of HFUS in the diagnosis and treatment of parotid gland diseases has been significantly enhanced. This article reviewed the technical advantages of HFUS, elaborated on its applications in the diagnosis of parotid gland diseases, the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors, and the anatomical assessment of the parotid gland (determining the positional relationship between tumors and facial nerve), and discussed the technical strengths, weaknesses, and future development directions of this technology. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the pathogenesis of tenosynovial giant cell tumor Shen Jiachen, Yan Siqi, Li Ye, Yang Chi, Zheng Jisi 2026, 24 (2):  190-195.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.015 Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (667KB) ( 3 )   Tenosynovial giant cell tumor(TGCT) is a benign mesenchymal tumor originated from the synovium of joints and tendon sheaths, which might occur in any joint of the body. It is classified into localized and diffused types based on its different growth patterns. The exact pathogenesis of TGCT remains unclear presently. While it was initially thought to be an inflammatory condition, the majority now perceives TGCT to be a neoplastic lesion due to its genetically clonal abnormalities, the autonomous growth of tumors and the highly specific expression of certain genes. This review summarized the latest advancements in genetic alterations, molecular changes in various cytokines and cellular interactions of TGCT, and explored the mechanisms that lead to the formation and progression of tumor, aiming to provide references for basic research, clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Oral verrucous xanthoma: a case report and literature review Shao Yu, Yu Wenyuan, Xu Yong, Xu Jin, Chen Zhenggang 2026, 24 (2):  196-199.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.016 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (793KB) ( 3 )   Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign lesion of the skin and mucous membranes with an atypical clinical presentation that makes it easy to misdiagnose. The diagnosis can usually only be confirmed by histopathology, and its diagnostic hallmark is the finding of large foam cell aggregates in connective tissue papillae between extended epithelial pegs. This paper reported a case of verrucous xanthoma of the left palate, which was misdiagnosed as highly differentiated gingival carcinoma during consultation at a local hospital, and was diagnosed as verrucous xanthoma after resection and histopathologic examination at our hospital. Combined with a review of relevant literature, this article discussed the causes of misdiagnosis, aiming to reduce or avoid such misdiagnoses in clinical practice. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lower lip and mandibular duplication deformity: a case report and literature review Dilidaer Taxipulati, Yao Zhitao, An Wei, Wang Ling, Li Jingtao 2026, 24 (2):  200-204.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.017 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1308KB) ( 3 )   Craniofacial duplication, also known as diprosopus, is a rare and complex craniofacial skeletal abnormality characterized by the complete duplication of facial structures. Partial facial duplication encompasses a variety of congenital abnormalities, including duplication of the oral cavity. Treatment methods vary depending on the type of duplication, with no uniform surgical approach. This paper reported a case of a 2-year-and-7-month-old female child with varying degrees of duplication deformities in the lower lip and mandible. It elaborated on the surgical method and process in detail, and conducted a literature review and analysis on the pathogenesis and classification of this deformity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Endoscopic-assisted minimally invasive extraction of a mandibular impacted tooth compressing the inferior alveolar nerve canal: a case report Weng Yanming, Ju Zhaohui, Gao Huixuan, Lu Dahan, Dong Qingshan 2026, 24 (2):  205-208.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.02.018 Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (954KB) ( 8 )   The extraction of low horizontally impacted mandibular third molars presents significant surgical challenges due to their deep anatomical location adjacent to the inferior alveolar nerve canal, which increases the risk of nerve injury. The traditional chisel-and-hammer crown-splitting technique carries risks of failure and nerve damage due to uncontrollable force transmission. This paper reported a complex case involving failed traditional crown splitting, complicated by inferior alveolar nerve injury and lingual bone plate fracture. The impacted tooth was successfully removed, and nerve compression was relieved using a 30° endoscope-assisted root dislocation first approach. Postoperatively, the patient exhibited improvement in skin tightness over the lower lip and chin regions compared to preoperative assessments, with satisfactory wound healing at the surgical site. Combined with literature analysis, this study summarized the clinical advantages and technical key points of endoscopic-assisted techniques, offering a novel minimally invasive approach for the extraction of complex impacted teeth. References | Related Articles | Metrics