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Application of modified Kuwata’s drinking water swallow test in swallowing function screening for patients with oral cancer after surgery HE Xing-fang, WANG Shuai, DENG Yi-jun, LIN Zhu-mei, HUANG Qiu-yu China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (1): 24-28.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.01.005 Abstract （1581）      PDF （780KB）（311）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the application effect of modified Kuwata's water swallow test in the swallowing function of patients after repair and reconstruction surgery as screening for oral cancer. METHODS: A total of 120 patients with oral cancer who underwent repair and reconstruction in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table, with 60 cases in each group. The patients in the experimental group were screened and evaluated by modified Kuwata's water swallow test, while patients in the control group were screened by Kuwata's water swallow test. The two groups were compared with the number of evaluations, the rate of gastric tube removal, the rate of gastric tube replacement, and duration of gastric tube indwelling. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The number of evaluations, the rate of gastric tube repositioning, and the duration of gastric tube indwelling in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), and the gastric tube removal rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Modified Kuwata's water swallow test is safer and efficacy than water swallow test of swallowing function screening in postoperative patients with oral cancer, and it is worthy of clinical implementation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese expert consensus on salvage surgery for advanced or recurrent oral(oropharyngeal) cancers HE Yue, ZHU Feng-shuo, MA Chun-yue, HE Jie, WANG Yan-an, LI Jin-song, LIU Bing, JIANG Can-hua, HOU Jin-song, PENG Xin, HE Pei-jie, ZHANG Dong-sheng, WANG Jun, LIU Xi-qiang, YANG Hong-yu, CHEN Chao-gang, WU Yi-qun, YAO Yuan, SU Li-xin, LIU Feng, MA Yu-bo, ZHU Ling, WEN Hong-mei, HUANG Qiu-yu China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (6): 521-528.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.06.001 Abstract （1527）      PDF （1848KB）（442）       Knowledge map    Oral(oropharyngeal) cancer is a type of malignant tumors of the head and neck with the highest incidence. Many patients have been clinically advanced, and most of them need to be treated by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Many patients with oral(oropharyngeal) cancer will have local recurrence or metastasis after the first surgical or chemoradiotherapy, and the second treatment is more difficult with the poor prognosis. How to effectively treat these patients with advanced or recurrent oral(oropharyngeal) cancer has become the focus of clinical attention. However, there is no basis to follow about how to carry out therapeutic surgical treatment, and non-standard diagnosis and treatment are also common. Therefore, we formulated this consensus in the fields of definition, indications, perioperative evaluation, surgical classification, adjuvant therapy, functional rehabilitation and other fields of advanced or recurrent oral (oropharyngeal) cancer, based on evidence-based medical evidence and national maxillofacial head and neck surgery expert suggestion, for reference by oral and maxillofacial, and head & neck surgeons across the country. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary application of domestic robotic system in oral and maxillofacial surgery SUN Qing, XIANG Xi-ting, MA Chao, WU Li-meng, SUN Xi-kun, ZHANG Tao China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (1): 13-19.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.01.003 Abstract （1134）      PDF （1093KB）（460）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the application effect of domestic robot system in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and to provide reference for the application of robot-assisted technology in the resection and reconstruction of oropharyngeal and facial-neck tumors. METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent surgeries assisted by KangDuo Surgical System at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, between November 2023 and June 2024. These cases comprised 13 oropharyngeal tumors, three facial neck tumors, and a pair of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap procedures. Operation duration, robot operating time,hospitalization periods, postoperative complications, facial aesthetics, facial perioral edema, temporomandibular joint discomfort, and other parameters were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: All operations were successfully completed using the robotic system without requiring conversion to traditional open surgery. The mean operation time using the robotic assistance reached (123.1±85.8) min with a mean total operation time of (333.7±250.2) min. The average postoperative stay in the hospital was recorded as (5.89±4.56) days. In the management of oropharyngeal tumors, 9 patients underwent tumor resections while 4 patients received biopsies. Four cases simultaneously underwent local flap transplantation, and 2 cases received forearm free flap transplants concurrently. All patients with oropharyngeal tumors demonstrated satisfactory recovery following surgical procedures, with no delayed bleeding reported. A 100% survival rate was noted for all flaps utilized, and postoperative pathological examinations revealed no positive surgical margins. After extubation, all patients could eat normally without experiencing significant coughing episodes, tracheotomy tubes were removed according to schedule. A dislocation of the temporomandibular joint was observed in one patient during the procedure, which subsequently improved following manual reduction. Additionally, one patient developed a hematoma at this site on the second postoperative day after submandibular gland surgery. No other complications were reported. Two patients experienced mild throat discomfort a month after their surgeries, yet no obvious discomfort was seen among other patients. All patients had no discomfort 3 months after surgery, and all were satisfied with the appearance during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The KangDuo robot system has yielded satisfactory outcomes within oral and maxillofacial surgery especially inducing less surgical trauma and enhancing patient quality of life. Future advancement should focus on improving equipment precision applicability and inventing specialized tools dedicated to oral and maxillofacial surgeries to address complex maxillofacial procedures. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the application of artificial intelligence in the early diagnosis of oral cancer ZHAO An-yuzhuo, SHI Xing-lian, LIU Huan, JIANG Jian-hong, LI Zhe-zhen, LIU Mei China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (5): 493-498.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.05.014 Abstract （924）      PDF （831KB）（660）       Knowledge map    The early diagnosis of cancer is conducive to the subsequent clinical management of patients. Artificial intelligenceAI has been widely used in the medical field, improving the accuracy and efficiency of disease diagnosis. This paper summarized the relevant studies on AI in the diagnosis and screening of oral cancer from three aspects: overview of AI in the early diagnosis of oral cancer, application status of commonly used AI types, and personal outlook, aiming to provide a new perspective for the application of early diagnosis of oral cancer, further help medical workers improve medical decision-making rate, and provide references for the early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Visual analysis of clinical research literatures on temporomandibular joint disorders at both home and abroad from 2013 to 2023 LIU Xing-yu, JIANG Nan China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (2): 185-195.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.02.014 Abstract （849）      PDF （2071KB）（861）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To analyze the evolution of domestic and international clinical researches on temporomandibular joint disorders(TMD) from 2013 to 2023,to understand the development trends and research hotspots, and to explore future research directions. METHODS: Clinical research literatures on TMD published between 2013 and 2023 were collected through PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP databases. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software was utilized for visual analysis. Methods included keyword frequency statistics, co-occurrence analysis, clustering analysis, and timeline analysis to construct knowledge maps and identify research hotspots. RESULTS: Domestic research hotspots were primarily focused on pain management, acupuncture therapy, and tissue repair. In contrast, international researches heavily emphasized quality of life and non-invasive treatment approaches. Both domestic and international studies underscored the importance of interdisciplinary integration and the application of new technologies. Keywords such as "acupuncture treatment" have appeared relatively late in domestic researches but showed a clear trend, indicating an interest in the application of traditional medicine and emerging technologies. International researches had earlier focused on psychological factors and quality of life, and leaded in the application of new materials and technologies. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are differences in methods and focal points between domestic and international researches, there is a consistent focus on core issues such as pain management and the application of imaging technologies. Future researches should enhance attention to psychological factors and comprehensive health management, draw on international experience, explore the application of new materials and new technologies, and promote interdisciplinary collaboration to improve the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders and the quality of life of patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of augmented corticotomy assisted orthodontics in 35 adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis GUO Qiu-man, YU Hong-bo, XIA Yun-hui, WANG Bo China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (6): 553-557.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.06.006 Abstract （786）      PDF （1225KB）（246）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To quantitatively evaluate the effect of augmented corticotomy assisted orthodontics in adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. METHODS: The sample comprised 102 mandibular incisors of 35 adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis in mandibular anterior region who accepted augmented corticotomy assisted orthodontic treatment selected from consecutive patients at the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital since Jan.2017. Periodontal soft and hard tissue measurements were appraised with the help of periodontal clinical assessment and cone-beam CT(CBCT) examination at different time points. SAS 9.1 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Facial appearance aesthetics, fine occlusal relationships, and effectively controlled periodontal inflammation were realized for all patients after treatment; moderate to severe, favorable bone augmentation on the labial side at root apex level was achieved with minimal root resorption, bone thickness on the labial side at 1/2 and 3/4 root length level was maintained as well as vertical alveolar bone level on both labial and lingual sides. CONCLUSIONS: Augmented corticotomy assisted orthodontics is a promising approach for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of autogenous bone graft in repairing alveolar bone defect LIU Zi-hua, XU Guang-zhou China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (1): 84-93.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.01.015 Abstract （601）      PDF （848KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Bone grafts are widely used in bone augmentation before implantation. The commonly used bone grafts are autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogeneic bone and synthetic materials. Autologous bone graft is regarded as the gold standard of bone transplantation since it has three properties: bone conduction, bone induction and bone formation. This article reviewed the autologous bone transplantation technique before implantation, summarized the structure, morphology, harvesting sites and methods and previewed the application of autologous bone transplantation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and significance of histone lactylation modifications in head and neck tumors WANG Rui-jie, MA Hai-long, ZHANG Zhi-yuan China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (3): 228-232.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.03.004 Abstract （592）      PDF （1803KB）（300）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the expression level of histone lactylation modification in head and neck tumors and the effect of lactic acid on the proliferative ability of tumor cells. METHODS: Multicolor immunofluorescence was applied to detect the modification levels of PKLa and histone H3K9 lactylation (H3K9La) in 69 head and neck tumor tissues with tissue microarrays, and analyze their relationship with the clinical characteristics of the patients. Changes in the modification levels of PKLa, and H3K9La were detected by protein immunoblotting technology after head and neck tumor cells were stimulated by lactic acid. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: PKLa modification levels were significantly higher in head and neck tumor tissues than in normal mucosal tissues. Analysis of clinical samples revealed that PKLa modification levels were significantly correlated with age and TNM stage(P<0.05), but not with gender, cervical lymph node metastasis, or pathological differentiation(P>0.05). Protein immunoblotting results demonstrated that histones were the main response proteins for lactylation modification in head and neck tumor cells, while lactic acid stimulation was able to increase the proliferation capacity of head and neck tumor cells. It was further determined that H3K9La modification in head and neck tumor cells had lactate-dependent up-regulation. Immunofluorescence staining also demonstrated higher levels of H3K9La in head and neck tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of histone lactate modification in head and neck tumor patients are potentially associated with head and neck tumor progression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of localized intravascular coagulopathy TAI Mao-zhong, QIN Zhong-ping, ZHENG Jia-wei, LI Ke-lei, LIU Xue-jian, LI Kai, YUAN Si-ming, FAN Xin-dong, ZHOU De-kai, DONG Chang-xian, JI Yi, GU Song, HUO Ran, YANG Yao-wu, WANG Xu-kai China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (4): 313-321.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.04.001 Abstract （559）      PDF （1160KB）（682）       Knowledge map    Localized intravascular coagulopathy(LIC) refers to coagulation disorders such as thrombosis and bleeding that occurred in venous malformations(VMs). It is characterized by abnormally elevated D-dimer(DD) levels, with or without decreased fibrinogen(FIB), and generally without thrombocytopenia. LIC can be complicated with acute pain, excessive bleeding, arthrogryposis, etc. Controversies in its diagnosis and treatment still existed. In order to improve the diagnosis and standardize treatment of LIC in China, we invited relevant experts to discuss and formulate Chinese expert consensus. The consensus provides standardized suggestions on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment process of LIC, which can provide reference for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A PRISMA meta-analysis regarding the impact of surrounding bacteria of oral implant on periimplantitis GULISIDAN·Maiwulajiang, LI Chen-xi, GONG Zhong-cheng, REYILA·jureti, JI Xiao-wei China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (5): 478-486.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.05.012 Abstract （539）      PDF （2136KB）（320）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the correlation between bacterial microorganisms and periimplantitis pathogenesis. METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CNKI, and The Cochrane Library were electronically retrieved to collect clinical studies related to bacterial distribution in subjects with periimplantitis from outset to December 2023. Meta analysis was performed using random-effect model by Stata 14.2 and R 4.0.4 software. Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS) and Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI) checklist were used to perform the risk of bias assessment. RESULTS: A total of thirteen studies, containing 1 274 participants(1 688 dental implants) were included. Compared with non-periimplantitis, periimplantitis was associated with the exposure of Staphylococcus epidermidis(S.e), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n), and Prevotella intermedia(P.i) (P<0.05). Results of data synthesis for bacterial count as outcome and for subgroup analyses were mostly inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Periimplantitis is associated with the presence of S.e and specific periodontopathogens (P.g, T.f, T.d, F.n and P.i). However, multicentric prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the present findings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of preoperative anxiety level and postoperative pain in children undergoing general anesthesia of oral and maxillofacial day surgery SHEN Xiao-min, ZHONG Lin-hong, LI Jing-jie, LIU Jin-xing, QIU Lin China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (2): 152-158.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.02.008 Abstract （526）      PDF （1223KB）（537）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the association between preoperative anxiety levels and postoperative pain in children undergoing general anesthesia of oral and maxillofacial day surgery. METHOD: A total of 769 children aged 3-12 years undergoing general anesthesia of oral and maxillofacial day surgery were included. According to the postoperative FLACC Pain Assessment Scale score, the children were divided into a postoperative pain group (FLACC≥ 4) and a non-pain group (FLACC< 4). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted on demographic data, preoperative anxiety levels of the children and their parents, surgical type, perioperative anesthetics and analgesics between the groups to explore the association of preoperative anxiety levels and postoperative pain in these children. R 4.2.3 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative pain in children under general anesthesia of oral and maxillofacial day surgery was 25.88%. Univariate regression suggested the preoperative Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Inventory(mYPAS) in pediatric patients (OR=3.31, 95%CI: 2.15-5.15, P< 0.001) and preoperative State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) score in parents (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.14-3.69, P=0.017) were associated with an increased risk of postoperative pain. After further adjusting for age, gender, BMI, medical history, fentanyl dosage, sufentanil dosage, ketamine dosage, and anesthesia duration, multiple regression analysis showed that higher mYPAS(OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.27-3.3, P=0.003) in pediatric patients was associated with an increased risk of postoperative pain. There was no significant correlation between parental preoperative Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) score and the increased risk of postoperative pain in children. Subgroup analysis results showed that increased mYPAS scores in children without medical or surgery history, as well as increased SAI in parents who underwent plastic surgery or with surgery histories of their children, were associated with the higher risk of postoperative pain. The interaction between preoperative mYPAS and parental SAI-TAI on postoperative pain only showed a trend significance and did not show statistical differences. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anxiety levels in children and the parental state anxiety were association with high risk of postoperative pain in children undergoing oral and maxillofacial day surgery. Therefore, effective interventions to reduce preoperative anxiety may improve postoperative pain management in this pediatric population. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing postoperative delirium in patients with oral cancer: a systematic review WANG Shuai, HE Xing-fang, WANG Yun-jie, WU Wei-qin, HUANG Qiu-yu China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (3): 279-286.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.03.013 Abstract （525）      PDF （1357KB）（374）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing postoperative delirium in patients with oral cancer, summarize the main components of non-pharmacological interventions in patients with oral cancer, and aid clinical decision-making. METHODS: The literatures on the prevention of postoperative delirium by non-pharmacological interventions in patients with oral cancer were searched in 8 Chinese and English electronic databases(Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Service System). The search was conducted from inception to October 2023. The primary outcomes were the incidence and duration of postoperative delirium. Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the randomized controlled trials. Review manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was examined by sensitivity analysis, and subgroup analysis was performed. RESULTS: Five randomized controlled trials with 849 participants were included. The main components of multicomponent non-pharmacological interventions included enhancement of relevant training for healthcare professionals, intensive preoperative education and familiarity with ICU environment, postoperative sleep management, pain management, music therapy, cognitive stimulation, and full participation of family members. Meta-analysis showed that non-pharmacologic intervention reduced the overall incidence of postoperative delirium in oral cancer patients[RR=0.41, 95%CI:(0.31,0.54), I2=0%], decreased the duration of postoperative delirium [MD=-38.51, 95%CI:(-46.25,-30.77),I2=88%]. Subgroup analysis showed that non-pharmacologic intervention reduced the incidence of delirium on the first postoperative day[RR=0.37, 95%CI:(0.20,0.70), I2=0%], but had non-significant improvement in the incidence of delirium on the second and third postoperative day. Non-pharmacological interventions improved assessment of postoperative agitated sedation and quality of recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence shows that non-pharmacological interventions can reduce the overall incidence and duration of postoperative delirium, and improve agitated sedation and quality of recovery in oral cancer patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application progress of machine learning in oral medical diagnosis LIU Qing-hai, LIU Ting-ting, ZHU Ling, MA Kun-ning China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (6): 605-610.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.06.014 Abstract （524）      PDF （718KB）（398）       Knowledge map    With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technology, machine learning has become a vital tool in the field of oral healthcare. Machine learning technology for the diagnosis and classification of oral diseases not only provides efficient patient risk assessment and management tools, but also supports personalized treatment planning and medical protocol development. In addition, machine learning also plays an important role in medical image analysis and interpretation, helping physicians quickly and accurately identify oral lesions and their types. This article introduced typical applications of machine learning in oral medical diagnosis, and discussed the technical challenges and possible solutions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Newly revised ISSVA classification for vascular anomalies(2025 version) and interpretation Du Zhong, Zheng Jiawei, Wang Yan'an China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (4): 313-317.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.04.001 Abstract （523）      PDF （1054KB）（890）       Knowledge map    Vascular anomalies can be primarily categorized into two major groups: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. In 1982, Mulliken and Glowacki proposed a revolutionary biological classification. Specifically, based on the proliferation characteristics of endothelial cells, these anomalies were differentiated into "hemangiomas" and "vascular malformations". In 1996, this classification system was adopted by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) as the standard classification, and has been undergoing continuous refinement up to the present. In May 2025, the latest ISSVA World Congress was convened in Paris. The 2018 classification system, which is currently in wide use, was further optimized. A substantial number of structural and detailed adjustments were made, rendering the new classification system more streamlined. Consequently, its usability has been remarkably enhanced. This evolution of the ISSVA classification mirrors the deepening of the understanding from the morphological level to the molecular mechanism level. Every update holds milestone significance for the standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases globally. This paper aimed to introduce and interpret the newly revised ISSVA classification (2025 version), providing a reference for clinical practice, scientific research, and academic exchanges. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on indications and applications of autogenous teeth transplantation AILIMAIERDAN Ainiwaer, WANG Ling China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (3): 300-308.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.03.016 Abstract （521）      PDF （941KB）（439）       Knowledge map    Autogenous teeth transplantation (ATT) is a surgical method for repairing missing teeth. Although the selection of indications for ATT is strict,with continuous development of technique in oral surgery,more and more researches have expanded the indications of ATT. This article discussed research progress in application and clinical indications of ATT reported in recent years, including ATT as an alternative to dental implants, immediate ATT into recipient sites with inflammation, application of artificial materials in cases with insufficient bone mass, the application of autogenous tooth transplantation in various oral diseases and the transplantation of different types of autogenous teeth, aiming at providing reference for clinical practice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics and related factors of pulp necrosis in 110 children with primary and permanent teeth injuries LIU Jia-le, CAI Lei, YANG Yu-yun, ZHANG Yan-fei China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (5): 468-472.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.05.010 Abstract （490）      PDF （583KB）（242）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To explore the traumatic characteristics of primary and permanent teeth in children and the influencing factors of pulp necrosis after treatment. METHODS: A total of 110 children with dental trauma(169 teeth involved) who received treatment at Dental Clinic, Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were selected. The age, gender distribution, composition of permanent and deciduous teeth injuries, location and number of affected teeth were statistically analyzed. The children were divided into pulp necrosis group and pulp survival group according to whether pulp necrosis occurred. The basic characteristics of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of pulp necrosis after dental trauma were analyzed by univariate and multivariate factor models. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Among the 110 children with dental trauma, there were 57 male and 53 female patients. The age group with the highest incidence of dental trauma in male patients was 5 years old (21.05%) and 6 years old (19.30%), while the age group with the highest incidence in female patients was 5 years old (15.09%). The 4-year-old group, 6-year-old group, and 7-year-old group all had a rate of 13.21%. A total of 169 teeth were injured in the 110 children with dental trauma, of which 102 teeth were fractured (60.36%) and 67 teeth were avulsed (39.64%). Among the injured teeth, 73 were permanent teeth (66.36%) and 37 were deciduous teeth (33.64%). The most common location of injured teeth was the central incisors (92 teeth, 54.44%). Among the 110 children with dental trauma, 37 had pulp necrosis (59 teeth), while 73 had pulp survival(110 teeth). There was no significant difference in the average age, type of injured teeth, type of trauma, and location of injured teeth between the pulp necrosis group and the pulp survival group(P>0.05). The proportion of male patients, the proportion of type Ⅲ-Ⅳ fractures, the proportion of grade 3 avulsion, the proportion of patients with a visit time of ≥24 hours, and the proportion of patients with bone injury were all significantly higher in the pulp necrosis group than in the pulp vitality group (P<0.05). The results of the logistic regression model showed that male children, type Ⅲ-Ⅳ of crown fracture, grade 3 of protrusion type, and combined alveolar bone injury were independent risk factors for dental pulp necrosis in children with dental trauma after treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The most common age of primary and permanent teeth trauma in children is 5-6 years old, with permanent and incisor injuries being the main cause. Male children, those with type Ⅲ-Ⅳ coronal fractures, those with grade 3 protrusions, and those with combined alveolar bone injuries can increase the risk of dental pulp necrosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation to screen biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ZHAO Hui, SHU Xin, ZHANG Fan, REN Wei-wei, LIU Jiao, ZHU Zhu China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (4): 329-338.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.04.003 Abstract （474）      PDF （3187KB）（327）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: This study was aimed to identify potential molecular biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to determine their functional and clinical significance. METHODS: The GSE58911 dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in normal and HNSCC samples. GeneCards and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database(CTD) were used to further determine potential biomarkers of HNSCC. A series of bioinformatic analyses were performed for potential biomarkers of HNSCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database was then used as an external validation and the infiltration of immune cells was assessed using ssGSEA. Finally, the accuracy of the database analysis results was verified by cell CCK-8, flat panel cloning and RT-PCR experiments. RESULTS: In total, 605 DEGs were screened out of the GSE58911 microarray dataset. Out of these DEGs, SERPINE1, PLAU, PLAUR, and SERPINB2 were developed and validated as hub genes for HNSCC. Compared with normal controls, SERPINE1, PLAU, and PLAUR expression levels were significantly up-regulated, while SERPINB2 expression level was significantly down-regulated in HNSCC. Moreover, the relationship between hub genes and immune cell infiltration may improve the understanding of HNSCC immunotherapy. In addition, RT-PCR results were consistent with the results of the four hub genes in the dataset. In vitro results also showed that SERPINE1 could promote the progression of HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS: SERPINE1, PLAU, PLAUR and SERPINB2 can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of HNSCC, but further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to clarify their roles and specific mechanisms in HNSCC. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study of the intraoperative and postoperative response of electric dental handpieces and turbo-pneumatic dental handpieces after mandibular third molar extraction ZHANG Hong-yu, SU Li-wen, SUN Huan, WU Yang China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (5): 440-445.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.05.005 Abstract （465）      PDF （1164KB）（475）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To compare the differences in intraoperative and postoperative response between electric dental handpieces and pneumatic turbine handpieces in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: Using a randomized grouped self-crossover control design method, 50 patients who underwent extraction of bilateral mandibular proximal-medial impacted wisdom teeth were selected, and the right and left mandibular impacted wisdom teeth were extracted with dental electric handpieces and pneumatic turbine handpieces, respectively. Intraoperative surgery time, pain degree, and complication rate were collected, and postoperative pain level, swelling level, and mouth opening restriction were recorded on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days after extraction, and the data of the two groups were compared. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the turbo-pneumatic dental handpieces group, the electric dental handpieces group had no significant difference in operation time and postoperative complications, but with significant advantages in reducing postoperative pain, postoperative swelling reaction, and accelerating the recovery of patients' mouth opening. CONCLUSIONS: Electric dental handpieces has more advantages than turbo-pneumatic dental handpieces in the extraction of mandibular impacted wisdom teeth, which is worthy of clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Natural course following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars and their effect on mandibular second molars YANG Qing-ran, XU Guang-zhou China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2024, 22 (4): 365-372.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2024.04.008 Abstract （459）      PDF （833KB）（518）       Knowledge map    PURPOSE: To observe the natural course after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars(IM3Ms) and their influence on adjacent mandibular second molars (M2Ms). METHODS: Thirty-four patients (51 IM3Ms) with bone impaction of mandibular third molars were selected. The affected teeth were extracted by piezosurgery and pneumatic turbine handpiece. The postoperative reaction and distal bone defect of M2Ms were observed before operation, 1 week and 6 months after operation. The depth of distal bone defect at M2Ms before and after operation was compared, and the influencing factors were analyzed. SPSS 29.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Before surgery, no apparent bone defects were observed in the distal mesial bone of M2Ms, but bone defects occurred during IM3Ms extraction due to bone removal and tooth extraction procedures. After 6 months, although some recovery in bone height was observed and the rate of bone defects decreased, it did not reach the preoperative level. The depth of IM3Ms impaction was the main influencing factor for the recovery rate. Probing depth significantly increased compared to preoperative levels. Patients experienced more pain within 24 hours postoperatively, which eased after 1 week, although mild limitation of mouth opening and facial swelling persisted. The extraction of IM3Ms had minimal impact on patients' daily life, emotions, work, and sleep. CONCLUSIONS: After the mandibular third molar extraction, the distal bone height adjacent to the second molar will partially recover, but it doesn't reach the preoperative level. In order to reduce the impact on adjacent teeth and bone tissue, surgeons need to adopt more refined surgical techniques during tooth extraction. At the same time, analgesic drugs should be given after removal of IM3Ms, and health education should be strengthened to improve the comfort of patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on drugs for the prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis WANG Jia-min, AN Wei, CHEN Wen-ge China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery    2025, 23 (2): 196-201.   DOI: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.02.015 Abstract （457）      PDF （674KB）（304）       Knowledge map    Radiation oral mucositis is one of the most common complications of radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. It can lead to mucosal ulceration, severe pain, eating and swallowing difficulties and other functional disorders, resulting in treatment interruption and poor curative effect. Radiation oral mucositis is currently believed to be a complex and dynamic process with multiple targets, and drug therapy targeting these targets can prevent and control the occurrence and development of mucositis. This review discussed the research progress of drugs for prevention and treatment of radiation mucositis, aiming at different targets of mucositis, including DNA damage, oxidative stress pathway, oral microbiota, epithelial proliferation, and analgesic management, which will provide references for the future research and clinical prevention and treatment of radiation oral mucositis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics