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20 November 2022, Volume 20 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expert Consensus

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Ultrasonography diagnosis of vascular tumors of the head and neck GONG Xia, LI Jia, XIONG Ping, DING Ang-ang 2022, 20 (6):  521-526.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.001 Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (2118KB) ( 121 )   Ultrasound is a non-invasive and convenient tool for diagnosis of vascular tumors of the head and neck, preoperative evaluation and follow-up of disease changes. Ultrasound technologies include grayscale imaging, color Doppler imaging, three dimensional color Doppler and elastography. This article summarized the ultrasound examination methods of these lesions based on the new classification of vascular lesions proposed by International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies(ISSVA), and reviewed the relevant clinical and ultrasound features including infantile and congenital hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, tufted angioma and Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, in order to provide an effective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tongue base tumor, open surgery or transoral robotic surgery? XI Qing 2022, 20 (6):  527-533.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.002 Abstract ( 500 )   PDF (1307KB) ( 317 )   Tongue base tumors are common in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The anatomical location of tongue base tumor is deep and difficult to treat, there is no consensus on the choice of surgical treatment. This article aimed to summarize the research progress in tongue base tumors, analyze and compare the treatment methods, summarize their advantages and disadvantages, and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of tongue base tumors. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Original Articles

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Construction and in vitro evaluation of an injectable multifunctional liposome-hydrogel composite for jaw defect repair XUN Xing-xiang, SUN Wei, WANG He-jing, CHU Chen, ZHAO Qian, XU Xiao, YUAN Rong-tao 2022, 20 (6):  534-540.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.003 Abstract ( 568 )   PDF (1217KB) ( 138 )   PURPOSE: Liposome was used as a sustained release carrier for pro-vascularization small molecule desferrioxamine (DFO) and osteogenesis-inducing small molecule dexamethasone (Dex), while sodium alginate hydrogel was used as a sustained release carrier for vancomycin (Van) to construct an injectable liposome-hydrogel complex with simultaneous antibacterial, pro-angiogenic and osteogenic effects, and to investigate the ability of the complex to promote bone tissue regeneration and repair. METHODS: DFO/Dex liposomes were prepared by thin film dispersion method, and mixed with Van sodium alginate solution to form Van/DFO/Dex liposome-hydrogel complex under the action of calcium ions. The particle size, polydispersity index(PDI) and Zeta potential of the liposomes were measured by Zeta particle size analyzer. The sustained release curves of Van, DFO and Dex in the complex were determined by UV-vis spectrophotometer. Wst-8 quantitative assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the complex in vitro. CCK-8 and cell live/dead fluorescence staining were used to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the complex. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the angiogenesis promoting effect of the complex. ALP activity quantification and staining were used to evaluate the effect of Van/DFO/Dex liposome-hydrogel complex on promoting bone differentiation in vitro. OriginPro software was used for analysis of the data. RESULTS: An injectable Van/DFO/Dex liposome-hydrogel complex was successfully constructed. The particle size of the liposome was (121.6±6.35)nm, PDI was 0.2-0.3. The encapsulation rate of DFO was about 57% and that of Dex was about 23%. Sustained release curve showed that Van DFO and Dex were released continuously in stages. CCK-8 and cell live/dead fluorescence staining showed that Van/DFO/Dex liposome-hydrogel complex had good cytocompatibility. Quantitative detection of WST-8 showed that the complex had good antibacterial activity in vitro. The expression of genes related to angiogenesis suggests that the complex had the ability to promote angiogenesis. ALP activity quantification and staining showed that Van/DFO/Dex liposome-hydrogel complex could enhance osteogenic differentiation activity. CONCLUSIONS: Van/DFO/Dex liposome-hydrogel complex is a multifunctional bone regeneration material with osteogenesis, angiogenesis promotion and anti-infection, and its injectable properties are beneficial to the clinical application of irregular jaw defects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical features and cranio-maxillofacial structure in 55 patients with idiopathic condyle resorption LYU Zheng-zhan, ZHU Bo-kai, CHUNG Miri, LIU Jing-yi, WANG Xi-jun, HONG Yue-yang, JIANG Ling-yong 2022, 20 (6):  541-547.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.004 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (1154KB) ( 161 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical and imaging features of craniomaxillofacial structures in patients with idiopathic condyle resorption(ICR). METHODS: A total of 55 ICR patients and 55 skeletal Class Ⅱ patients with healthy temporomandibular joint (control group) were collected in Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2010 to December 2018. The gender, age, unilateral and bilateral incidence of ICR patients and related joint symptoms were statistically analyzed, and the clinical characteristics of ICR patients were analyzed. The cranial-maxillofacial structures of the two groups were compared by using two-dimensional cephalometry and three-dimensional reconstruction. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The proportion of female patients with ICR was 92.7%, the mean age was 22.17±3.46 years old, the incidence of bilateral joint was 87%, 29.1% of patients had joint symptoms. Two-dimensional measurement showed that SNA, A-NP, Co-A, SNB, GO-Me, Co-GO and S-Go/N-Me indicators in ICR group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05), while MP-SN and Y-axis were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), there was no significant different in S-N between the two groups(P>0.05). The measured values of ICR group were all lower than those of the control group except SE-NE, COR-AE and SNLP-GOL, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ICR usually occurs in women, with an average age of 22 years. The lesions mostly involve bilateral joints, and less than 1/3 of patients have joint symptoms. Compared with the skeletal Class Ⅱ patients with healthy joints, ICR has the cranio-maxillofacial structural characteristics of severe retraction of the mandible, shorter mandibular body and mandibular ramus, and most of them are in the state of high angle, the high posterior-anterior ratio is significantly smaller, and the maxillary protuberance is not obvious. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary clinical evaluation of lateral pterygoid muscle preservation in total temporomandibular joint reconstruction with stock prosthesis YUE Shi-jing, ZHAO Jiong, BAI Guo, CHEN Min-jie, YANG Chi 2022, 20 (6):  548-553.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.005 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (1633KB) ( 89 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effect of retaining lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) during standard temporomandibular joint（TMJ） prosthesis replacement. METHODS: A new method that LPM was kept attached to the pterygoid muscle fossa through proper condyle osteotomy was tried to preserve LPM during total joint reconstruction (TJR). Compared with the conventional operation, the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method for muscle preservation and reconstruction were verified. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Twelve patients with a total of 14 joints undergoing TJR with LPM preservation were included in this retrospective study. Lateral movement of all 7 joints in LPM(+) group that preserved LPM were restored post-operation, with an average 3.14 mm of lateral moving distance, much higher than that in LPM(-) group (0.29 mm, P<0.01). In addition, bone healed well and LPM located stably. CONCLUSIONS: LPM preservation is essential for function regain of mandible lateral movement post TJR operation and this new method can be utilized to preserve LPM. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical effects of the combination of rhytidectomy and temporomandibular joint surgery on 23 patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint and aging faces LEE Mui-lee, ZHU Yao-min, WANG Yu-meng, DAI Juan, ZHANG Dan-di, LIANG Xiao 2022, 20 (6):  554-559.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.006 Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (1426KB) ( 218 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effects of the combination of rhytidectomy and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc repositioning surgery in internal derangement (ID) stage IV-V and facial aging patients. METHODS: Twenty-three middle-aged and elderly female patients with bilateral TMJ ID IV-V requiring surgical treatment and facial skin relaxation were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent TMJ surgery and facial rhytidectomy by the same surgeon. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative pain visual analog score(VAS), maximum mouth opening (MMO), CBCT and MRI imaging, postoperative wound healing, scar condition, complications, postoperative facial lift improvement and satisfaction were collected. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The VAS score of 23 patients was 6.13 points before operation, and decreased to 0.52 points 6 months after operation(P<0.05). The average MMO was 2.21 cm before operation and increased to 3.33 cm 6 months after operation(P<0.05). The wound healed well after operation, the scar before ear was not obvious, and there was no obvious complications such as hematoma, temporal skin numbness, infection, hair loss and severe facial nerve injury. Six months after operation, MRI showed that the position of TMJ disc had been stably restored above the condyle. CBCT showed that the anchoring screws were in place, and there was no destruction and absorption of condylar bone. Among them, 8 cases showed repair changes of condylar bone. Facial photos showed that the patient's soft tissue sagging and skin relaxation improved significantly. The average satisfaction of doctors, patients and third parties with younger facial appearance was 95.52%, 97.34% and 97.04%. CONCLUSIONS: For middle-aged and elderly female patients with TMJ ID IV-V who need surgical treatment and facial skin relaxation, due to the same incision of TMJ surgery and rhytidectomy,the combination of the two surgeries is an effective treatment method. It can improve the symptoms of TMJ disorder and reverse the destruction of condylar bone, improve the aging state of facial skin relaxation and soft tissue sagging, which is worthy of clinical promotion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Symmetry analysis of short-term lip peak height after unilateral cleft lip repair with modified Onizuka method CHI Hao-shu, ZHAN Zong-li, ZHAO Zhi-yang, CAI Ming 2022, 20 (6):  560-564.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.007 Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (837KB) ( 77 )   PURPOSE: To explore the surgical technique of modified Onizuka cheiloplasty for the changes of bilateral lip peak heights and evaluate the postoperative symmetry in a short time. METHODS: Charts of 19 unilateral cleft lip patients who were repaired by modified Onizuka in Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The differences of bilateral lip peak heights immediately and one month after surgery and the changes of upper lip morphology were analyzed. The distance was measured by Adobe Photoshop CC software through photos. SPSS 25.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The difference of lip peak height between the healthy side and the affected side was (0.40±0.35) mm and (0.53±0.40) mm immediately and 1 month after operation, respectively, there was no significant difference(P>0.05). It was found that the cupid’s bow was rebuilt in a natural form and the configuration of the upper lip was reconstructed symmetrically. The philtrum column was not disturbed by the small triangle flap. CONSLUSIONS: Modified Onizuka is an effective way for repairing unilateral cleft lip. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical efficacy of stable occlusal plate combined with joint lavage in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders CHEN Jing, ZHU Min 2022, 20 (6):  565-570.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.008 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (765KB) ( 139 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical effect of stable occlusal plate combined with joint lavage in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder(TMD). METHODS: A total of 104 patients with TMD in Taizhou First People's Hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 52 cases in each group. The control group was given gangliolar lavage, while the experimental group wore stable occlusal plate combined with gangliolar lavage, both treated for 6 months. Clinical efficacy was analyzed by comparing the maximum mouth opening, pain, craniomandibular index(CMI), SF-36 and mental health score, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and matrix metallo proteinase 2 (MMP-2) levels in 2 groups of patients. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After treatment, the maximum mouth opening and SF-36 score increased, and the scores of pain, CMI, mental health decreased in the two groups. The maximum mouth opening, TOI index and SF-36 score of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01). The scores of pain, CMI, mental health in the experimental were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of TNF-α and MMP-2 in the joint fluid of the two groups were significantly decreased, and the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01). The total effective rate of the experimental group(96.15%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(82.69%, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Stable occlusal plate combined with ganglionic lavage can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of TMD, inhibit inflammatory response, effectively relieve maxillofacial pain, improve the quality of life and psychological clearance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical study on the prognostic and risk stratification effect of the 8th revised TNM staging on patients with early oral squamous cell carcinoma ZHOU Yu, WENG Hai-yan, SI Cheng-yun, DUAN Xian-jie, AN Xing-fei, ZHANG Li-yu 2022, 20 (6):  571-576.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.009 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (1026KB) ( 118 )   PURPOSE: To understand the effect of the 8th revised TNM staging on the risk stratification and prognosis of early oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: One hundred and four patients with early OSCC who underwent surgery in our hospital from November 2008 to December 2016 were reviewed, and the effect of stage migration caused by the revised version of TNM stage 8 on the risk stratification and prognosis of patients was analyzed. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The depth of tumor invasion in patients with early OSCC was significantly correlated with the prognosis. Thirty-nine of 70 patients with pT1 in the 7th edition were upgraded to pT2 in the 8th edition. There was significant difference in postoperative recurrence between upgraded and non-upgraded patients (P<; 0.001), but there was no significant difference in cervical lymph node metastasis(P=0.1169). Seventeen of the 34 patients with pT2 in the 7th edition were upgraded to pT3 in the 8th edition. There was no significant difference in postoperative recurrence and cervical lymph node metastasis between upgraded and non-upgraded patients(P>; 0.05). There was significant difference in the overall survival rate among the stages of the 7th edition (P=0.046), but there was no significant difference in the disease-specific survival rate (P=0.242). There were significant differences in the overall survival rate (P<; 0.001) and disease-specific survival rate (P<; 0.001) among the stages of the 8th edition. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of tumor invasion depth indicates the deterioration of clinical prognosis in patients with early OSCC. Compared with the 7th edition, the 8th edition of TNM staging revision has better prognosis and risk stratification ability for patients with early OSCC. For patients with pT2 or above, more extensive surgical treatment including simultaneous selective neck dissection should be performed. Postoperative adjuvant treatment can improve the survival rate of patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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The value of intraoperative image-based navigation in removal of small foreign bodies in maxillofacial trauma MA Dong-yang, PANG Chao-yuan, ZHANG Wen-kai, WANG Bing-wu, LIU Dong, ZHANG Qi, ZHANG Shu-meng 2022, 20 (6):  581-585.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.011 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1647KB) ( 130 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of combination of intraoperative CT (ICT) and navigation system in removal of foreign bodies in maxillofacial trauma. METHODS: Seven patients with maxillofacial foreign bodies who underwent operation in The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA were retrospectively reviewed from January 2018 to March 2021. Among them, there were 4 males and 3 females. There were 2 foreign bodies in parapharyngeal foreign body, followed by 1 in cheek, 1 in orbital cavity, 1 in masseter muscle, 1 in pterygomandibular space, and 1 in floor of mouth. An individualized surgical plan was designed based on intraoperative CT data and real-time accuracy of the navigation system was investigated. The effectiveness of navigation technology based on intraoperative CT images to guide the removal of deep maxillofacial foreign bodies was evaluated. RESULTS: The minimally invasive approach was used to safely remove foreign bodies in all 7 patients. After 6 months of follow-up, no complications occurred. Intraoperative CT combined with real-time navigation improves the accuracy, minimally invasiveness and safety of removal foreign body in the maxillofacial region. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative CT scanning is useful in locating the intraoperative position of foreign bodies so that a real-time decision could be made. The technique can improve the accuracy and treatment outcome. It is recommended to use intraoperative CT associated with navigation in removal of small foreign bodies in maxillofacial region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of maxillofacial fracture in 54 preschoolers: a retrospective study PANG Chao-yuan, MA Dong-yang, ZHANG Wen-kai, WANG Bing-wu, LIU Dong 2022, 20 (6):  586-589.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.012 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (465KB) ( 123 )   PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical feature and treatment of maxillofacial fracture in preschool children. METHODS: This retrospectively study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2021. All preschool children with maxillofacial fracture admitted to our department were collected and data were recorded for age, gender distribution, causes of injury, clinical feature, treatment protocols and postoperative prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 54 cases of preschool children with maxillofacial fractures were collected from January 2011 to December 2021, including 31 boys and 23 girls, with an average age of (4.41±1.68) years. Among the enrolled patients, the highest incidence was mandibular fracture (50 cases, 92.6%), followed by maxillary fracture (7 cases, 13.0%) and zygomatic fracture (5 cases, 9.3%). There were 31 cases (57.4%) with maxillofacial soft tissue injury, and 7 cases (13.0%) with tooth injury. The main treatment protocols were conservative treatment, and all patients had good prognosis. During follow-up, one patient with condylar fracture with conservative treatment developed TMJ ankylosis after 2 years, which was released after surgical treatment again. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of maxillofacial fracture in preschool children is low. Treatment protocols were dependent on the age and type of fracture. At the same time, attention should be paid to the growth and development of children's maxillofacial region after injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 3D microscope in oral and maxillofacial surgery for 35 cases YAN Xing-quan, NAN Xin-rong, REN Xiao-yan, ZHAO Jia-xiong, MENG Bing 2022, 20 (6):  590-593.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.013 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (842KB) ( 100 )   PURPOSE: To explore the clinical application scope, advantages and disadvantages of 3D microscope in oral and maxillofacial surgery. METHODS: The clinical data of 35 patients undergoing 3D microscope-assisted surgery from June 2020 to June 2021 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were summarized. RESULTS: Of 35 patients undergoing 3D microscope-assisted surgery, there were 19 cases of free skin flap microvascular anastomosis, 7 cases of parotid benign tumor resection, 1 case of vagal schwannoma, 3 cases of submandibular gland benign tumor, 2 cases of cleft lip repair, and 3 cases of nasolabial deformity reconstruction. All operations were successfully completed, and all patients were satisfied with the operations. CONCLUSIONS: 3D microscope has high value in the fields of micro-anastomosis, fine anatomy, cosmetic suture and clinical teaching in oral and maxillofacial surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Dental Education

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Application of multi-dimensional digital technology in postgraduate training of oral and maxillofacial surgery HUANG Jian-ping, JIANG Can-yang, JIANG Yan, ZHANG Xiao-xian, RUAN Xin, SHI Bin, LIN Li-song, HUANG Li 2022, 20 (6):  594-598.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.014 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (738KB) ( 103 )   PURPOSE: To explore the teaching application value of multi-dimensional digital technology in cultivation of postgraduates of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS). METHODS: A total of 30 patients with maxillofacial fractures and dental-maxillofacial deformities were selected. The complete medical history, medical records, imaging data, dental-maxillofacial 3D printing models and photographic data were collected to form a multi-dimensional digital database. A total of 26 postgraduates of School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University who have been trained in OMS department since 2019 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 13 students in each group. The control group adopted traditional teaching mode, while the experimental group was trained with multi-dimensional digital technology. After teaching courses, the students were assessed in both lectures and skills, and the learning effect was evaluated by questionnaire survey. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The scores of the experimental group were (81.42±3.31) and the control group were (74.29±3.21). The questionnaire score of the experimental group was (25.08±0.30) and that of the control group was (19.29±0.53). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multi-dimensional digital technology can play a good teaching auxiliary role, help students deepen their understanding of anatomy, surgical methods and surgical design, stimulate learning enthusiasm and innovativeness, and is worthy of wide application in clinical teaching of oral and maxillofacial surgery. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Articles

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Progress on diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer WU Ya-ping, GAO Jia-min, SUN Shu-yang 2022, 20 (6):  599-606.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.015 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (807KB) ( 292 )   The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been on the rise in recent years, and HPV infection is a critical risk factor for the occurrence of OPSCC. Due to its unique biological characteristics, sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy and good prognosis, HPV-related OPSCC has been classified as an independent disease in the 2017 AJCC and WHO staging system. However, there is no obvious difference in the clinical treatment of patients with HPV-related or non-related OPSCC. Therefore, search for a more suitable treatment plan for patients with HPV-related OPSCC has become a hot spot of current concern. This article reviewed the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related OPSCC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of non-neoplastic salivary gland disease HUANG Jian-hu, ZHAO Heng-shuai, WEI Jiang-ping 2022, 20 (6):  607-611.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.016 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (489KB) ( 84 )   Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is a neurotoxic protein that inhibits the release of acetylcholine and blocks cholinergic receptor signaling. BTX-A therapy has been widely used in many fields. In recent years, the application value and indications of BTX-A have been continuously explored and expanded, and more and more studies have focused on its application in the treatment of salivary gland-related diseases, such as sialorrhea, salivary fistula, salivary gland cyst, Frey's syndrome et al. In this paper, the literature on the use of BTX-A in the treatment of non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases including chronic obstructive parotitis in recent years was reviewed, and the treatment dosage, injection method and treatment effect were summarized and discussed, in order to provide reference and guidance for the clinical application in the treatment of chronic obstructive parotitis, sialorrhea and salivary fistula. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Segmental osteotomy combined with soft tissue increment using piezosurgery for the treatment of lower anterior misplaced dental implant: report of one case HU Ying-kai, ZOU Duo-hong, YANG Chi 2022, 20 (6):  612-617.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.017 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (2502KB) ( 59 )   Malpositioned implant is often corrected by angle abutment, but this method can't correct seriously misplaced implants. We reported here 1 case of severely dislocated implant of mandibular anterior teeth, which was treated by segmental osteotomy combined with soft tissue increment, and reviewed the etiology and treatment of malpositioned implant. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The reverse Yu flap for upper lip reconstruction: report of one case, review of the literature ZHANG Sen-lin, WEI Bin, LIANG Tong-xin 2022, 20 (6):  618-620.  doi: 10.19438/j.cjoms.2022.06.018 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (630KB) ( 108 )   Reconstruction of defects of the upper lip caused by cancer or trauma with its requirements of a complicated anatomical structure, important physiological function, and acceptable cosmetic result, is a challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The reverse Yu flap has been predominantly used for the reconstruction of medium-sized full-thickness upper lip defects. It is easy to raise with good aesthetic and functional results and minimal donor site morbidity. In this paper, we reported a case of using reverse Yu flap for upper lip reconstruction, and the relevant literatures were reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics