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10 July 2014, Volume 12 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Basic Research Articles

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Expression and significance of BDNF and TrkB and E-cadherin in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma WANG Wei-xi, YANG Xin-jie, JIA Sen, HU Zhi-qiang, WU Bao-lei, LEI De-lin 2014, 12 (4):  289-294.  Abstract ( 491 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1483KB) ( 339 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomysin-related kinase B (TrkB) and E-cadherin in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS: BDNF, Trkb and E-cadherin expression in 76 primary SACC cases and 20 normal salivary gland tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The results and clinicopathological data were statistically analyzed by SPSS17.0 software package with χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: High expression of BDNF (89.5%) and TrkB (92.1%) and low expression of E-cadherin (46.1%) were found in SACC cases. The expression of BDNF was significantly associated with the clinical stages and distance metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of TrkB was significantly associated with the clinical stage, perineural invasion and distance metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with the clinical stages, histopathological types, perineural invasion and distance metastasis (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the expression of BDNF and E-cadherin (P>0.05). However, the expression of TrkB was negatively correlated with the expression of E-cadherin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of BDNF, TrkB and E-cadherin was closely correlated to the clinicopathological characteristics of SACC. The detection of BDNF, TrkB and E-cadherin expression may be of great significance for clinicopathological study and diagnosis of SACC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of static pressure on expression of COL2A1, SOX9, COL1A1 and ALP in temporomandibular condylar chondrocytes in rabbit HUANG Lin-jian, LI Hui, XIE Qian-yang, ZHANG Min, CHENG Yong-jin, YANG Chi, CAI Xie-yi 2014, 12 (4):  295-300.  Abstract ( 618 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (932KB) ( 300 )   PURPOSE: To study the cellular events of condylar chondrocytes during the alteration of pressure microenvironment. METHODS: Condylar chondrocytes were aseptically dissected and cultured from the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of 4-week-old New Zealand white rabbit in vitro. The chondrocytes of P2 were identified by morphological analysis, immunocytochemical staining of COL2A1 and SOX9. The monolayer of condylar chondrocytes was subjected to static pressure of 100kPa for different times (0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h). The viability of chondrocytes was assessed by CCK-8 staining. Expression of COL2A1, SOX9, COL1A1 and ALP was examined by Western blot. One-way ANOVA was performed using SPSS19.0 software package. RESULTS: The condylar chondrocytes of rabbits were polygon in shape and displayed cobble-stone morphology. Immunocytochemical staining of COL2A1 and SOX9 was positive in the slides of cells. Compared with 0 h, the viability of chondrocytes significantly decreased after being compressed for 1 h (P=0.04), whereas it returned to normal after 2 to 4 h. Western blot results showed that exposure of chondrocytes to 100 kPa for 3 h and 4 h resulted in significant up-regulation of COL2A1, SOX9, COL1A1 and ALP. Moreover, the expression of ALP at 4 h reduced compared with at 3 h. CONCLUSIONS: The condylar chondrocytes are good at adapting to the alteration of pressure microenvironment. It is sure that a suitable static pressure loading can accelerate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. And this may influence the growth remodeling of TMJ and the pathological condition of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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TGF-β1 signaling pathway related microRNA regulates metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma LIANG Yan-can, YU Wen-ting, LIANG Qi-Xiang, XIE Hong-liang, XU Zhi-ying, WAN Di, ZHANG Bin 2014, 12 (4):  301-306.  Abstract ( 479 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (829KB) ( 394 )   PURPOSE: To illustrate the relationship between TGF-β1/MAPKs/MMPs signaling pathway and microRNA (miRNA) expression, and to explore the potential role of miRNA in the metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). METHODS: MiRNA array was performed to analyse the changes of miRNA expression inSACC cells before or after TGF-β1 stimulation, and then several significant different microRNAs were selected to be verified by qRT-PCR assay. Meanwhile, their target genes were predicted by miRNA target gene prediction programs. RESULTS: MicroRNA microassay showed that SACC_LM_neg/SACC_83_neg: up 40, down 101.One of them was up-regulated and twelve miRNAs of them were down- regulated after treated by TGF- β1 which were accordant with the results of qRT-PCR assay. MiR-125a-5p, miR-181d , mir-145-3p, mir-126-3p and mir-320d were chosen and several genes were predicted as targets of these differently regulated miRNAs related to TGF-β1/MAPKs/MMPs signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: There are differentially expressed microRNAs between SACC-LM and SACC-83. TGF-β1 can affect miRNAs profiling of SACC. MiR-125a-5p, miR-181d, mir-145-3p, mir-126-3p and mir-320d may be regulated by TGF-β1/MAPKs/MMPs signaling pathway. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The growth-promoting function of HN12 cell on neurites under the condition of coculture with trigeminal ganglion of SD rat LU Wei, YU Zhi-wei, ZHANG Jian-jun, WANG Li-zhen, JI Tong. 2014, 12 (4):  307-310.  Abstract ( 476 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1509KB) ( 370 )   PURPOSE: To build a new in vitro study model of neoneurogenesis, to study the influence of HN12 cell on trigeminal ganglion of SD rat under the condition of coculture. METHODS: Mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) and human oral squamous cancer cells (HN12) were co-cultured in Matrigel matrix. Control cultures consisted of oral squamous cancer cells alone and TG alone. Neurite outgrowth was quantitated with dark phase microscopy and image analysis(Optimas 6.1) at 24,48,72,96 and 120 h. SPSS 19.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: HN-12 cell had a strong influence on the neurites growth compared with control group after 5 days of consecutive observation. CONCLUSION: HN-12/TG coculture model was successfully built. HN-12 cell has a strong influence on the neurites growth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Articles

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Assessment of the reliability and accuracy of 3D occlusal splints LI Yue, ZENG Rong-sheng, ZHENG Guang-sen. 2014, 12 (4):  311-317.  Abstract ( 523 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2312KB) ( 289 )   PURPOSE: To estimate the reliability of 3D occlusal splints compared with traditional occlusal splints, and to evaluate the accuracy of 3D occlusal splints through 3D cephalometry. METHODS: Fifteen patients with maxillofacial deformity were involved in this experiment. Traditional occlusal splints were made pre-operatively, and virtual surgery was performed on 3D maxillofacial model. Then 3D occlusal splints were printed by Objet Eden260VTM 3D Printer. During the actual surgery, both splints were used to check the fitness of 3D occlusal splints. Cone-beam CT was taken 1 week after surgery. 3D cephalometry was repeated 3 times for both virtual and actual surgery. SPSS13.0 software package and MedCalc13.1.2 software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: All the 3D occlusal splints were successfully used in the surgery, and no significant difference was found between virtual surgery and actual surgery (P>0.05). Good consistency was obtained in distances rather than in angles. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional occlusal splints were qualified clinically with the accuracy to be improved in future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified total alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction and evaluation of efficiency LIU Huan, ZHANG Xiao-hu, YANG Chi, ZHANG Shan-yong, CHEN Min-jie, HE Dong-mei, QIU Ya-ting. 2014, 12 (4):  318-322.  Abstract ( 715 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 442 )   PURPOSE: To introduce modified surgical techniques of total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) reconstruction and evaluate the clinical outcomes. METHODS: In 2006, we began to use the Biomet-Lorenz (Jacksonville, FL) stock replacement, and made some modifications regarding to surgical techniques as follows: ①The eminence or condyle bone was used for filling the fossa to make it flat and ensure the stability of the retention of the fossa prosthesis; ②The disc was filled into the condylar prosthesis to prevent heterotopic bone; ③Free fat graft was obtained from the submandibular approach to avoid abdominal incision. Postoperative follow-up was made based on panoramic radiographs (PR) or CT to observe the position of the prostheses and the surrounding bone structure for 6 months and 1 year, respectively. SAS 9.12 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Twelve patients (14 sides) were followed up. The average follow-up period was 26.08 months (4 to 48 months). Thirteen fossa prostheses (11 cases) were fitted with bone graft: the bone in 7 cases (10 sides) was from the eminence, 2 cases (2 sides) from the condyle, 1 case (2 sides) from the mandibular notch; The discs in 5 cases (5 sides) were reserved to fill into the condylar prostheses; Free fat graft in 10 cases (10 sides) was obtained via the submandibular approach. Postoperative imaging examination (PR or CT) at 6-month and 1-year showed the position of fossa and mandibular prostheses was good in all patients and the periprosthetic bone structure showed no abnormalities. All patients showed postoperative occlusal stability and no phenomenon of prostheses loosening. CONCLUSIONS: Modified total alloplastic TMJ reconstruction can help to improve the stability of prostheses, to reduce postoperative heterotopic bone, and to avoid additional surgical incision, which is worth of wide application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Le Fort II midfacial distraction combined with orthognathic surgery in the treatment of Binder syndrome YU Hong-bo, ZHANG Lei, WANG Xu-dong, ZHANG Wen-bin, SHEN Guo-fang. 2014, 12 (4):  323-327.  Abstract ( 836 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (799KB) ( 343 )   PURPOSE: Patients with Binder syndrome have severe facial concavity and compromised skeletal Class III malocclusion. Its treatment is still challenging the surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined midfacial distraction and orthognathic surgery in the treatment of Binder syndrome. METHODS: Four patients with Binder syndrome were enrolled in this study. After modified Le Fort II osteotomy, the rotational distraction of nasomaxillary complex was performed to rehabilitate facial convexity. Then bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) with or without Le Fort I osteotomy were used to correct malocclusion. RESULTS: All patients healed uneventfully and the maxillae moved forward conspicuously. No obvious pain and severe discomfort was complained during distraction. A significant advancement and downward movement of the maxilla was shown by cephalometric analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of midfacial distraction and orthognathic surgery provided us an ideal alternative in the treatment of nasomaxillary hypoplasia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and correlation of MIC-1, VEGF and p53 in infantile hemangioma SUN Hua-liang, XU Da-peng, XUE Lei, SUN Ning-ning, ZHONG Ming, WANG Xu-kai 2014, 12 (4):  328-332.  Abstract ( 373 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1589KB) ( 340 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the expression and correlation of MIC-1, VEGF and p53 in infantile hemangioma and to clarify the role of MIC-1 in hemangioma evolution. METHODS: Fifty hemangiomas (27 in proliferative phase and 23 in involuting phase) were examined immunohistochemically by SABC method. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: MIC-1 was expressed in 85.19% of proliferative hemangiomas, whereas 34.78% in involuting hemangiomas, there was significant difference between proliferation and involuting hemangiomas (P<0.01).MIC-1 was weakly expressed in normal skin and vascular malformations. VEGF was expressed in 96.30% of proliferative hemangiomas, whereas 43.48% in involuting hemangiomas; there was significant difference between proliferation and involuting hemangiomas (P<0.01). p53 was expressed in 81.48% of proliferative hemangiomas, whereas 30.43% in involuting hemangiomas, there was significant difference between proliferation and involuting hemangiomas (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of MIC-1 and VEGF(r=0.613,P<0.01), and also between MIC-1 and p53 (r=0.753,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MIC-1 plays an important role in the development and progress of infantile hemangiomas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of IRF6 gene mutations in Chinese population with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate CHEN Jia-pei, NIU Zhen-min, WU Dan-dan, YANG Yu-sheng, HUANG Wei, CHEN Zhen-qi 2014, 12 (4):  333-336.  Abstract ( 559 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (614KB) ( 1184 )   PURPOSE: To investigate interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) mutation in Chinese non-syndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NSCL/P) patients. METHODS: The peripheral blood of NSCL/P cases and control samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Exons of IRF6 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. IRF6 mutations were detected using direct sequencing and compared with control samples. RESULTS: Five mutations were discovered in patients with NSCL/P, including 4 novel mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Mutation of IRF6 gene involved in the occurrence of NSCL/P in Chinese population. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of temporomandibular joint structural abnormalities in orthodontic patients LIU Jia-qiang, WU Yong, SUN Liang-yan, WANG Jie, ZHAO Jing-lei, DAI Qing-gang, FANG Bing. 2014, 12 (4):  337-343.  Abstract ( 514 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (806KB) ( 403 )   PURPOSE: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems are becoming more and more important in orthodontic patients. This study analyzed TMJ problems in orthodontic patients in order to provide reference for treating orthodontic patients with TMJ problems. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty five orthodontic patients were randomly selected in our department during the recent 2 years, including 80 males and 175 females, aged from 10 to 45 years old. X-ray film and MRI on TMJ of both sides at bite and open position were used to analyze TMJ problems. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: Of all 255 patients, 176 had TMJ problems, accounting for 69.02%. Of all 80 male patients, 48 had TMJ problems, accounting for 60.00%. Of all 175 female patients, 128 had TMJ problems, accounting for 73.14%, significantly higher than the male patients. CONCLUSION: The results showed that nearly two third of orthodontic patients have TMJ problems. Most patients have no obvious clinical symptom but at a potential risk for orthodontic treatment. Females are more susceptible to TMJ problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The diagnostic value of diffusion weighted MR imaging in thyroid nodular lesions WANG Hao, SONG Bin, ZHANG Bei, WEI Ran, DING Yi, WANG Pei-jun 2014, 12 (4):  344-350.  Abstract ( 438 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1532KB) ( 444 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted MR Imaging (DWI) in benign and malignant thyroid lesions. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who underwent DWI of the thyroid gland. Diffusion-weighted MR images were acquired with b factors of 800 s/mm2 by using spin echo echo-planar imaging DWI (SE EPI). ADC maps were reconstructed. The ADC values of the thyroid nodules were calculated and correlated with the results of histopathologic examination. The mean ADCs were compared between malignant and benign nodules. The threshold of ADC value for identifying malignant nodules was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The data was analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: In all patients, one hundred and fifty-five nodules were detected by MR imaging. Sixty-seven nodules were in left lobe, eighty in right lobe and the remaining 8 nodules in isthmus of thyroid gland. Among them nodular goiter were found in 87 cases, papillary carcinoma in 55 cases, follicular adenoma in 4 cases and follicular carcinoma in 3 cases. The mean ADCs of malignant nodules were significantly lower than that of benign lesions (1.295±0.281×10-3mm2/s) vs (2.033±0.387×10-3 mm2/s). The sensitivity and specificity of the ADCs for identifying malignant nodules using a threshold of 1.550×10-3mm2/s was 93.4% and 82.8% , respectively. CONCLUSION: The ADC value as measured tool by MR DWI is an effective parameter for distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic changes and clinical significance of D-dimer and fibrinogen in patients with malformations around perioperative period TAI Mao-zhong, ZHOU Shan-liang, LI Ke-lei, GE Chun-xiao, QIN Zhong-ping 2014, 12 (4):  351-355.  Abstract ( 364 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (565KB) ( 434 )   PURPOSE：To monitor fibrinogen and D-dimer between venous malformation and no-venous malformation during perioperative period, and to explore the differences between various positions, area, depth and treatment modalities, which will contribute to diagnosis and therapy of venous malformation. METHODS：Fibrinogen and D-dimer level was detected in 82 cases preoperatively, two, five and 7 days after operations, which included 52 cases with venous malformations (group B) and 30 cases without venous malformation (group A). Venous malformation in Group B located in lower limbs (group L2, n=18),upper limbs (group L1, n=14), head and neck area (group L3, n=8), trunks (group L4, n=7), and more than two anatomic sites (group L5, n=5), respectively. There were 36 cases whose muscles were involved in group M1, and 16 cases without muscle involvement in group M2. There were 44 cases who received partial resection in group M1, and 8 cases received total resection in group M2. All body surface areas of group B were recorded. SPSS18.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The results showed that there were significant differences between group A and B in D-dimer and fibrinogen levels around perioperative period, while differences were also seen between group M1 and M2 in D-dimer around perioperative period, but significant differences in fibrinogen level only lasted 7 days after surgery. ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in D-dimer from group L1 to group L5 preoperatively or 2 and 7 days after surgery. Fibrinogen level varied in different sites of group A. There were significant differences between group S1 and S2 in D-dimer during perioperative period, while differences were showed 5 and 7 days after surgery in fibrinogen level .Correlation analysis displayed showed that there was negative correlation between D-dimer and fibrinogen levels, while positive correlation was observed between D-dimer and body surface areas of lesions, negative correlation was found between fibrinogen level and lesion surface areas. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated level of D-dimer can be considered as an auxiliary diagnostic index of venous malformation. Postoperative elevation of D-dimer is seen more often in patients with venous malformations located in more than two anatomic sites or deep muscle involvement, which can lead to functional disorder of blood coagulation because of secondary decrease in fibrinogen, so that operation should be chosen carefully in these patients. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization of large cystic lesions with maxillary sinusal extension TAN Han-ti, LU Di, WU Jia-shen, YIN Hai, LIU Bo-song 2014, 12 (4):  356-359.  Abstract ( 518 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (753KB) ( 385 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of endoscopic marsupialization of large cystic lesions with maxillary sinusal extension. METHODS: Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization was performed in 21 patients with maxillary cystic lesions that extended to the maxillary sinus. The lesions were 3.5-6 cm in size, the patients were followed up for 18-36 months. Clinical examination, nasal endoscopy and CT scans were performed postoperatively. RESULTS: In 21 patients, the cystic lesions completely resolved both clinically and radiographically. No recurrence was observed during follow up. Within 3 months, all patients showed signs of healing and facial swelling disappeared. Three months after surgery, epithelization of the cystic cavity was found in the "window". CT scans demonstrated the cystic lesions and maxillary sinus fused into a big cavity, bone regeneration in the maxillary wall. The appearance of the maxillary sinus mucous membrane turned to normal. Followed-up CT scans revealed restoration of the maxillary sinus to almost normal condition. CONCLUSIONS: Transnasal endoscopic marsupialization can be a definitive treatment for large cystic lesions with extension in the maxillary sinus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Familial gigantiform cementoma: analysis of a large Chinese pedigree WANG Hong-wei, YU Miao, QIN Xing-jun, WANG Li-zhen, XU Li-qun, ZHANG Chen-ping 2014, 12 (4):  360-364.  Abstract ( 495 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1571KB) ( 1233 )   PURPOSE: Familial gigantiform cementoma (FGC) is a rare autosomal dominant benign odontogenic tumor. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of FGC in a Chinese family with multiple-affected members. METHODS: Detail screening was conducted on family members of a 13-year-old Chinese male with recent diagnosis of FGC. All family members of the patient were interviewed. Demographic, past medical and surgical histories were collected from family members with history of FGC diagnosis. Clinical information related to the lesions (symptom, age of onset, history of treatment, histological and radiological findings) was obtained. Literature review was also presented in this study. RESULTS: In this study, we found a four-generation Han Chinese family with thirteen affected members with diagnosis of FGC. Eight male patients and five female patients were appreciated in the study. All 13 patients experienced the onset of symptoms at 11-13 years old followed by a rapid and expansive growth phrase at the age of 14-16, and growth suppression phase around age 18 to 20 years old. Eight patients in our series had sustained multiple pathological long bone fractures (average 3-4 x/person) between the age of 13 and 16 years. CONCLUSIONS: The familial history of this case helps to demonstrate that the inheritance pattern of FGC was autosomal dominant. FGC usually presented with three distinctive growth phrases: ①Initial onset; ②Rapid expansion; ③Growth suppression phase. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Use of mineral trioxide aggregate to seal the affected roots after curettage of cystic lesions of the jaws: report of 12 consecutive cases ZHENG Ling, HE Yue, LIU Zheng-wu, WANG Jie 2014, 12 (4):  365-367.  Abstract ( 324 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (394KB) ( 323 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in sealing affected roots within the cystic cavity. METHODS: A retrospective study of 12 patients treated between January 2009 and January 2012 was performed. Criteria of inclusion was simultaneous application of MTA in affected roots during curettage of jaw cystic lesions, root canal therapy completed within one week after curettage of jaw cystic lesions. All of the included subjects were strictly followed up, the lesion and involved teeth were evaluated accordingly. RESULTS: A total of 30 teeth in 12 patients were included. None of them reported with tender to percussion or mobile teeth. Dental periapical films revealed periapical bone healing with bizarre trabeculae formation. None of them had relapse. Tooth preservation rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: MTA is very good in achieving perfect apical sealing. The apical sealing turned out to be better if retrograde sealing was performed simultaneously with curettage of cystic lesion. The involved teeth are more likely to be preserved yet allowing a complete curettage with no relapse. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Article

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Myofibroblasts and osteoradionecrosis of jaw DAI Tian-guo, HE Yue 2014, 12 (4):  368-372.  Abstract ( 337 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (578KB) ( 400 )   Summary ORNJ is a most severely complication of radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Up to now, the precise pathogenesis of ORNJ has not been fully clarified, the newest one is radiation-induced fibrosis. It is believed that the hard and soft tissue of radiation area formed lots of pathologic fibrosis tissue through a series of changes after irradiation; subsequently, the pathological fibrous tissue disintegration caused ORNJ. Myofibroblasts play an important role in the fibrosis of liver, lung, kidney and scleroderma, whether it also plays an equally important role in ORNJ has yet to be confirmed. This paper mainly demonstrated the simple pathogenesis of ORNJ, the characteristics of the myofibroblasts, relationship and distinction between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts and ORNJ. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of costochondral graft in temporomandibular joint reconstruction JIAO Zi-xian, ZHANG Shan-yong 2014, 12 (4):  373-377.  Abstract ( 513 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (594KB) ( 427 )   Summary Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases, such as fractures, ankylosis, and tumor, often cause condylar damages. Recently, costochondral graft has been used to reconstruct TMJ, and become the excellent treatment for TMJ diseases. It was firstly reported by Gillies in 1920 s. Since then, most researchers have focused on the costochondral selection, postoperative costochondral growth, and minimally invasive surgical procedures. In this paper, we mainly discussed the functional reconstruction for TMJ from the previously stated perspectives. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81371168), Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality (10ZR1418200), Shanghai Pujiang Talent Plan, and Research Fund of Medicine and Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2013MS63). References | Related Articles | Metrics

Technical Innovation

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Application of digital osteotomy template in the surgical treatment of a giant condylar osteochondroma: report of a case BAI Guo, HE Dong-mei, YANG Chi, LU Chuan, HUANG Dong, CHEN Min-jie 2014, 12 (4):  378-382.  Abstract ( 497 )   HTML ( 0 )   Summary The condylar osteochondroma of exogenous type is usually treated by surgical resection, but the scope of resection is usually based on surgeon's experience, which leads to a certain risk of recurrence and injuries of important vessels and nerves. We reported a case of a giant condylar osteochondroma of exogenous type, preoperative planning was conducted using computer-aided design (CAD) technique (Proplan 1.3) for determining the boundary between the tumor and the articular surface of condyle, and designing the virtual tumor resection plane, surgical approach and remove-out path of the tumor. Rapid prototyping (RP) technique was used to make osteotomy template based on the preoperative planning. The application of digital template could improve the accuracy of the giant condylar tumor resection and help to preserve the uninvolved condyle. The use of digital template could reduce injuries to the nerves and vessels, as well as save the operation time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Clinical diagnosis and treatment of fish bone impaction in carotid triangle area: a case report LI Ming-xu, ZHANG Li-yun, YUAN Rong-tao 2014, 12 (4):  383-390.  Abstract ( 496 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (552KB) ( 422 )   Summary Fish bone impaction is common in upper gastrointestinal tract. We reported a case with fish bone impaction in carotid triangle area, which was rarely reported in the literatures. CT scanning clearly showed fish bone impaction completely entered into the carotid area and close to the carotid artery. The fish bone impaction was successfully removed through cervical approach, without injury to the carotid artery, internal jugular vein and trigeminal nerve. References | Related Articles | Metrics