Correlation of Leptin, HMGB1, and SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid with peri-implantitis and their predictive value for prognosis

doi:10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.010

Abstract

Abstract: PURPOSE: To explore the correlation between gingival crevicular fluid leptin, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peri-implantitis (PI) in patients with dental implant restoration, and their predictive value for poor prognosis. METHODS: A total of 295 patients who received dental implant restoration at the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from July 2020 to July 2024 were enrolled, including 61 patients with PI (PI group) and 234 patients with healthy implants (non-PI group). ELISA was used to detect the levels of leptin, HMGB1 and SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid. Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between the three indicators and plaque index (PLI), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD). ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the three indicators for poor prognosis in PI patients. RESULTS: GCF levels of leptin and HMGB1 were significantly higher, while SIRT1 levels were significantly lower in the PI group compared to the non-PI group (P<0.001). PLI, SBI, and PD were also significantly elevated in the PI group (P<0.001). Leptin and HMGB1 showed significant positive correlations with PLI, SBI and PD (P<0.001), whereas SIRT1 exhibited significant negative correlations with these clinical indices (P<0.001). Among PI patients, those with poor prognosis (n=21) had significantly higher rates of fever, greater proportion of stage IV disease, elevated white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count (NG), and higher GCF levels of leptin and HMGB1, along with significantly lower SIRT1 levels, compared to those with favorable prognosis (n=40) (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of leptin, HMGB1 and SIRT1 combined to predict poor prognosis was 0.946 (95%CI: 0.892-0.985), which was significantly higher than that of single indicators(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dental implant restoration complicated with PI have high expression of leptin and HMGB1 and low expression of SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid, which are closely related to the occurrence and severity of PI. Combined detection of the three indicators has high predictive value for poor prognosis of PI patients.

Key words: Gingival crevicular fluid, Leptin, HMGB1, SIRT1, Peri-implantitis, Dental implant restoration, Prognostic prediction

CLC Number:

R782.1

Wei Zicheng, Dong Yu, Hou Deqiang, Li Xin, Ding Zhuang. Correlation of Leptin, HMGB1, and SIRT1 in gingival crevicular fluid with peri-implantitis and their predictive value for prognosis[J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2026, 24(3): 266-271.

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