Expert consensus on rhBMP-2/CPC for alveolar cleft bone grafting

doi:10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.05.001

Abstract

Abstract: Alveolar bone grafting is an essential component of comprehensive cleft lip and palate management. It restores alveolar continuity, facilitates eruption of permanent teeth, and improves support of the nasal base. Autogenous cancellous bone harvested from the iliac crest remains the most commonly used grafting material; however, donor-site morbidity, including postoperative pain and limited mobility, may affect patients’ acceptance. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-loaded self-setting calcium phosphate cement artificial bone (rhBMP-2/CPC) combines osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties and has shown potential for reducing the need for autogenous bone harvesting while promoting bone regeneration. Nevertheless, standardized guidance regarding its indications, safety profile, and postoperative management in alveolar cleft reconstruction remains limited. At present, there is insufficient long-term follow-up data (more than 5 years) for this material. This consensus represents interim recommendations. To promote the appropriate clinical application of rhBMP-2/CPC in alveolar cleft bone grafting, this expert consensus was developed under the leadership of the National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, with contributions from multidisciplinary experts in relevant fields. Based on the best available evidence, expert clinical experience, and the GRADE framework, recommendations were formulated regarding patient selection, complication risks, effects on tooth eruption and orthodontic tooth movement, strategies for revision or salvage bone grafting, and postoperative radiographic evaluation and follow-up. This consensus is intended to provide practical guidance for oral and maxillofacial surgeons and related specialists involved in the management of alveolar cleft defects.

Key words: Alveolar cleft, Cleft lip and palate, Alveolar cleft bone grafting, Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2, Calcium phosphate cement, Expert consensus

CLC Number:

R782.2

Cai Ming, Cui Yingqiu, Li Chenghao, Li Jian, Li Yunpeng, Ren Zhanping, Song Tao, Yang Xuecai, Zhou Lian, Zhu Hongping, Wang Xudong. Expert consensus on rhBMP-2/CPC for alveolar cleft bone grafting[J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2026, 24(5): 437-445.

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