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10 February 2015, Volume 13 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Basic Research Articles

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Modification and evaluation of an animal model for maxillary sinus floor elevation in Beagle dogs ZHENG Ji-si, CHIU Han-hsuan, ZHANG Shan-yong, YANG Chi, ZHANG Ying, YU Fei, TIAN Xue-rui 2015, 13 (1):  1-7.  Abstract ( 347 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1627KB) ( 294 )   PURPOSE: To modify a dog model for maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) by selecting a new surgical approach and evaluate the process of the dog model with computed tomography (CT) scans and endoscope. METHODS: CT scans were performed for a total of 2 Beagle cadavers and 4 Beagles in healthy condition before surgery. The data from CT scans in Dicom (digital imaging and communications in medicine) format were input into an interactive Simplant software program to select a candidate site (CS) as a new surgical approach which was located on palatal to the distal dental cusp of the first molar, or buccal to the greater palatine foramen. Each sinus (12 sinuses in total) was treated with maxillary sinus-floor elevation (MSFE), including a palatal gingival margin incision, bone window preparation, sinus membrane elevation, and Bio-Oss grafts. During MSFE, an endoscope was put through the bone window and lateral puncture opening into the maxillary sinus to observe the Schneiderian membrane′s condition and the CS′s position, respectively. Postoperative CT scans for all animals were used to measure the CS′s position, which were compared by paired t test using SAS 9.0 software package. RESULTS: All eleven parameters were measured in the CS′s coronal and sagittal section. Eleven parameters were listed as follows: ① DF and CE (the horizontal distance from CS to the midpoint of the greater palatine foramen and to the palatal alveolar ridge) were (8.129±0.915) mm and (4.868±0.291) mm; ② BC (the residual bone height) was (2.034±0.410) mm; and ③ AB, MN and PQ (the height, width and length of maxillary sinus) were (17.341±0.651) mm, (7.899±0.984) mm and (18.424±1.131) mm; ④MT and NT (the horizontal distance from CS to the internal and external bone wall of the maxillary sinus) were (3.961±0.421) mm and (3.845±0.562) mm; ⑤OP and OQ(the horizontal distance from CS to the anterior and posterior bone edge of the maxillary sinus) were (9.248±1.256) mm and (9.368±1.161) mm. The most important two parameters were DF and BC. There was no significant difference between OP and OQ (the horizontal distance from CS to the anterior and posterior bone edge of the maxillary sinus). There was also no significant difference between MT and NT (the horizontal distance from CS to the internal and external bone wall of the maxillary sinus). Intraoperative views noted the intact, white and opaque sinus membrane in both the Beagle cadavers and Beagles after putting an endoscope through the bone window, and the membrane movement in the middle of the maxillary sinus floor after insertion of an endoscope into the maxillary sinus from the lateral puncture opening. CONCLUSIONS: The CS is an ideal surgical approach for MSFE, and the dog model is more suitable for maxillary sinus research. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the lateral pterygoid muscle on the anterior disc displacement with reduction of temporomandibular joint YIN Xue-min, LI Zi-wen, LIU Xiao, SONG Meng-yang 2015, 13 (1):  7-10.  Abstract ( 414 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (817KB) ( 370 )   PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of lateral pterygoid muscle on anterior disc displacement with reduction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Lateral pterygoid muscle was loaded to simulate and biomechanically analyze the TMJ anterior disc displacement with reduction by using the established digital simulation model. RESULTS: The disc region with the highest stress concentration occurred in the lateral part of the intermediate zone; The highest stress of the condyle and articular fossa was concentred on the functional region between the disc. The tendency of displacement gradually increased from the anterior zone to the intermediate zone; from the intermediate zone to the bilaminar region while the tendency gradually reduced. The maximum TMJ displacement appeared in the joint capsule, which was the area of the attachment of the inferior side of the lateral pterygoid muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the function of the lateral pterygoid muscles may lead to the thinning of the articular disc or perforation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism of miR-181a inhibiting invasion and migration of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: an in vitro study HE Qian-ting, LIU Zhong-hua, ZHAO Luo-dan, ZHAO Ting-ting, WANG An-xun 2015, 13 (1):  11-15.  Abstract ( 336 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1160KB) ( 945 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of miR-181a on invasion and migration in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). METHODS: QRT-PCR analysis was used to detect the expression of miR-181a in the paired SACC cell lines with different invasive and migration ability. The SACC cell lines SACC-LM and SACC-83 were transfected with miR-181a mimics and miR-181a LNA, respectively. Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes of cytoskeleton after transfection. Western blot analysis was performed to demonstrate the invasion and metastasis related genes after transfection. Lung metastasis model in nude mice was established to analyze the effect of miR-181a on lung metastatic ability of SACC cell lines after transfection. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: QRT-PCR analysis showed that low invasive and migration ability cell line (SACC-83) expressed higher miR-181a than higher invasive and migration ability cell line (SACC-LM). Ectopic transfection of the miR-181a mimics to the SACC-LM cells led to decreased gene expression of Slug, pERK1/2, ERK1/2 and cells turned to be spindle. When the SACC-83 cells were treated with miR-181a LNA, the gene expression of Slug, pERK1/2, ERK1/2 increased and cells turned to be round. Lung metastasis model in nude mice showed that compared with the mimics NC group, lung metastatic lesion size of miR-181a mimics group was significantly smaller (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: miR-181a can suppress the invasion and metastasis of SACC. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental study on surgical treatment of sagittal fractures of mandibular condyle with biocortical resorbable pins in sheep MENG Fan-wen, LIU Mei-xia, WANG Jia-wei, WANG Li, WU Xiao-liang 2015, 13 (1):  16-20.  Abstract ( 321 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1410KB) ( 421 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of surgical treatment of sagittal fractures of mandibular condyle (SFMC) with biocortical resorbable pins and compare the difference between unstable and rigid fixation with resorbabale pins. METHODS: Sixteen sheep were used to creat SFMC models on right temporamadibular joints (TMJ) through osteotomy, and divided into 4 groups randomly (n=4). The control group was treated with closed treatment. Group 1 was treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with lateral titanium screws. Group 2 was treated by unstable ORIF with lateral resorbable pins. Group 3 was treated by open reduction and rigid fixation with lateral resorbable pins. Computed tomograms (CT) of TMJ were obtained for the control group after osteotomy and 3 months later. For group 1, 2 and 3, CT films were obtained after osteotomy immediately and 3 months later after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). CT taken 3 months after osteotomy was scored according to the criteria for assessing osteoarthrotic changes and ankylosis of right TMJ. Three months later after treatment, the sheep were killed and TMJs were dissected, observed, measured and histologically examined. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: CT images of right TMJ in control group and group 2 3 months after treatment were obviously abnormal. The radiological scores that indicated the degree of osteoarthrotic changes and ankylosis of right TMJ in group 1 and 3 were significantly lower than those in control group and group 2. Anatomical observation showed severely deformed condyles, worm-eaten erosion of the temporal surface, and the discs partially adherent to the condyle, and fragile articular cartilage of the right TMJ in control group and group 2. Histological examination showed myxoid degeneration of discs and articular cartilage in the right TMJ in control group and group 2. In contrast, the right TMJ in group1 and 3, and the left TMJ in all groups were closed to normal. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that appropriate reduction and rigid fixation are essential for SFMC to reconstruct anatomical shape. If conducted properly, fixation of SFMC with resorbable pins is rigid as titanium screws and yields good results. There are advantages in using resorbable pins to fix SFMC, because they obviate the need for removal. Closed treatment or unstable ORIF for SFMC can lead to severely pathological changes in TMJ. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Articles

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Application of digital template to guide total temporomandibular joint replacement surgery of Biomet replacement system BAI Guo, HE Dong-mei, YANG Chi, LU Chuan, HUANG Dong, CHEN Min-jie, ZHANG Xiao-hu, YUAN Jian-bing 2015, 13 (1):  21-27.  Abstract ( 432 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1907KB) ( 538 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the application of digital template in total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement. METHODS: Six patients who needed total temporomandibular joint replacement surgery from Nov. 2013 to Mar. 2014 were included in this study. Preoperative design was performed using the ProPlan CMF 1.4 software. The total TMJ replacement prostheses of Biomet system were scanned and imported into the software, and were simulated to be placed at the appropriate position. Then the osteotomy line and trimming scope were determined, and digital templates for assisting bone trimming and prosthesis implantation were designed accordingly. Rapid prototyping (RP) technique was used to make the templates. Intraoperative application effect and merging result of postoperative and preoperative CT were evaluated and analyzed. RESULTS: Intraoperative navigation worked accurately. Important anatomical structures such as the skull base and inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle were not injured during surgery. The result of postoperative CT merged with preoperative CT showed the prostheses position matched with the preoperative design well with an error of (1.139±0.183) mm. CONCLUSIONS: Digital template can be regarded as an effective assist for total TMJ replacement surgery of Biomet system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of orbicularis oris muscle overlapping in the primary repair of unilateral cleft Lip LIANG Yun, YANG Yu-sheng, WU Yi-lai, ZHANG Yong, WANG Guo-min 2015, 13 (1):  28-30.  Abstract ( 444 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (533KB) ( 556 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of the orbicularis oris muscle overlapping of philtrum ridge reconstruction for primary cheiloplasty of unilateral cleft lip. METHODS: Between January 2013 and June 2013, fifty-two patients with unilateral cleft lip were significantly treated. There were 41 males and 11 females with a median age of 5 months and an average age of 7.4 months (ranged from 3 to 72 months). Primary cheiloplasty (modified Mallard Ⅲ) was conducted under general anesthesia. On the basis of functional replacement of orbicularis oris muscle, overlapping was used to increase the muscular thickness equivalent as prominent philtrum ridge. RESULTS: All incisions healed primarily. Good aesthetic results were observed in all 52 cases with satisfactory philtrum appearance during the 9-14 months (average: 11.4 months) of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Overlapping of orbicularis oris muscle can create philtrum ridge and dimple with natural appearance, which is worth of wide clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital guide assisted in retaining the residual condyle of temporomandibular joint ankylosis surgery LU Chuan, HE Dong-mei, YANG Chi, HUANG Dong, BAI Guo, YUAN Jian-bing 2015, 13 (1):  31-37.  Abstract ( 489 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2103KB) ( 610 )   PURPOSE: We design and fabricate a digital guide to help retaining the residual condyle in the lateral gap arthroplasty (LAP) of temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) and evaluate the effect. METHODS: All TMJA patients treated in our department from January 2012 to January 2014 were included for the study with the inclusion criteria as follows there was a residual condyle on the coronal CT and digital guides were designed to help retaining the residual condyle in LAP; ProPlan CMF 1.4 software (Materialise Medical, Leuven, Belgium) was used to complete preoperative design. Range and relation between bone fusion and residual condyle was determined. The guides were designed and made by stereolithography, and then applied in surgeries. The effect of the digital guides including the intraoperative fitness and protection of important structures was evaluated. The fusion results of the postoperative CT and preoperative design were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the total 5 surgeries with 7 joints, the digital guides fit well and accurately guide the osteotomy. The residual condyle, skull base and external auditory canal were well protected. Postoperative CT showed the average difference between the surgical results and the preoperational designs was 1.044 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Digital guides can accurately guide the osteotomy of the lateral bone fusion and protect residual condyle, skull base and external auditory canal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low-dose propranolol for treating infantile hemangiomas of various ages WANG Ya-fei, ZHOU Quan, WANG Zhong-qiang 2015, 13 (1):  38-41.  Abstract ( 630 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1088KB) ( 496 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the treatment efficiency of low-dose propranolol for infantile hemangiomas. METHODS: A total of 452 infantile hemangioma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to May 2012 were included in this study. The patients were divided into 0-6 months group (n=266), 7-12 months group (n=128), and 13-18 months group (n=58) according to their ages. All the patients received oral propranolol (1 mg/kg.d). Follow up was performed to determine changes of the color, size, texture of the hemangiomas, as well as the superficial temperature and the blood flow signals under ultrasonography. The efficiency of low-dose propranolol for infantile hemangiomas was analyzed and compared. RESULTS: For the 0-6 months group, satisfactory outcomes were found even 24 h after administration. Significant shrink was noted in the tumor mass of the infants. In addition, the color was faded, and the superficial temperature was decreased. Further more, the blood flow signals observed under ultrasound were decreased. Compared with the 0-6 months group, the symptoms of the 7-12 months group also showed alleviation; however, a significant delay was observed. For patients of 13-18 months, no significant improvement was discovered in the symptoms except for alleviation in part of the large size tumor and that with a long growing period. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose propranolol is effective for treating infantile hemangioma patients aged 0-6 months at the proliferative period. Partial response was achieved in patients aged 7-12 months. The efficiency in patients aged 13-18 months was not satisfactory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of high-frequency color ultrasound in preoperative identification and selection of perforator for anterolateral thigh flap grafts HUANG Jian, SHEN Yi, LU Lin-guo, HUANG Guan-lan, ZHOU Hui-hong, CHEN Qian-qian, LI Jun, SUN Jian 2015, 13 (1):  42-47.  Abstract ( 392 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1021KB) ( 620 )   PURPOSE: To explore the accuracy of selecting appropriate perforator vessels according to the results of preoperative high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound and guide anterolateral thing (ALT) flap harvest. METHODS: From March 2013 to December 2013, fifty-two patients underwent preoperative ultrasound before ALT harvest for head and neck cancer reconstruction. Ultrasonography was used to predict the number, origin, course, location, diameter and hemodynamics of perforators in order to choose the better donor site for flap harvest. The preoperatively mapped perforators were compared with the actual intraoperative findings. Chi-square test was carried out for comparison between preoperative and intraoperative results using SAS 9.2 software package. RESULTS: A total of 208 perforators were found by preoperative ultrasound in 52 patients. Finally 27 patients underwent ALT reconstruction for head and neck defects. There were no significant difference between preoperative and real situation of intraoperative perforator indicators (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative mapping of perforators by ultrasound proved valuable in ALT flap design and harvest. The basis for ALT graft is as follows: ① perforator diameter is the first factor to be considered;②priority to the septum or half septum perforator which is easily dissected;③ select the perforator with high flow velocity and low resistance index;④ the pedicle length of perforator meets the needs of reconstruction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-year clinical observation of oral corticosteroids combined with long pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangioma DONG Yi-yun, ZHOU Guo-yu, SHEN Ling-yue, XU Qing, GU Ji-zhong 2015, 13 (1):  48-53.  Abstract ( 428 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1488KB) ( 415 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the efficiency and safety of oral corticosteroids combined with long pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangioma. METHODS: Oral corticosteroids （prednisone, 4-5 mg/kg·d） combined with long pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (140-220 J/cm2, 40-50 ms, Gentle YAG, 3 mm spot; Candela, USA) were used for 35 pediatric patients with ulcerated hemangioma, whose lesions healed after debridement. The interval was 4 weeks, 2-4 times as a course. After each treatment session, the ulcer healing, lesion improvement, the speed of regression, the time of pain relief, and final outcomes where observed and evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients of ulcerated infantile hemangioma completed the treatment and achieved good results. The efficiency rate was 85.71% (30/35) after last treatment, while 94.28% (33/35) at 3-year follow up. The average course was 3.2±1.6 months. The average re-epithelialization time was 1.89±0.45 weeks after early debridement. All lesions stopped growing or started to regress after 1-2 months treatment. There were no bleeding, infection and other complications. Twenty cases(57.14%) developed hyperpigmentation and 4 cases (11.43%) had depigmentation, which recovered to normal gradually 4 to 5 months after the final treatment. Fifteen patients (42.85%) developed scar, which was related to the lesions at first visit and postoperative nursing. Thirteen cases (37.14%) achieved complete regression at 3-year follow-up. Nine patients required other cosmetic operation to reach satisfied appearance. CONCLUSIONS: Oral corticosteroids combined with long pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is safe, fast, effective in the treatment of ulcerated infantile hemangioma. Early intervention is important for ulcerated infantile hemangioma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis of deep facial and cervical lymphatic malformation and venous malformation with color Doppler ultrasonography LI Ai-ping, TAI Mao-zhong, QIN Zhong-ping 2015, 13 (1):  54-57.  Abstract ( 374 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (788KB) ( 514 )   PURPOSE: To study the diagnostic significance of color Doppler ultrasound in deep facial and cervical lymphatic malformation and venous malformation by analyzing their color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics. METHODS: The color Doppler ultrasonographic data of 29 cases of deep-seated facial and cervical lymphatic malformation and 32 cases of venous malformation which had been confirmed by surgical pathology or percutaneous puncture biopsy guided by DSA in Linyi Tumour Hospital from December 2012 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. With final pathology or DSA as gold standard, specificity and sensitivity were calculated and compared with SPSS 18.0 software package. RESULTS: Of the 32 cases of venous malformation, there was no echo and interval by 2-dimensional ultrasound, hypoechoic thrombosis was found in 14 cases and high echo vein stone was found in 11 cases. There were artery flow around and PSV result was (13.98±7.93) cm/s, RI was (0.71±0.83) cm/s. In 30 cases vein blood flow signals were seen under probe pressure. Of the 29 cases, eight were single cystic lymphatic malformation, ten multiple and 11 mesh grid. There was no echo by 2-dimensional ultrasound but multiple hyperechoic interval was found in 21 cases. In 2 cases flow signals were seen under probe pressure which appeared as vein in PI. There were arterial blood flow signals in these intervals, PSV was 14.32±6.57 cm/s,RI was 0.68±0.79 cm/s. There was no significant difference between PSV results and RI results by Student′s t test （t=1.346, 1.474, P>0.05）, while there was significant difference (P<0.05) between the 2 groups in hypoechoic thrombosis (χ2=13.352), high echo vein stone (χ2=12.162), flow signals under probe pressure (χ2=46.015), occurrence of multiple hyperechoic interval (χ2=35.338) by Chi-square test (P<0.05). The sensitivity was 93.75% with probe pressure of blood flow signal to diagnose venous malformation, and the sensitivities of hypoechoic thrombosis (96.55%), hyperechoic vein stone (93.33%) and probe pressure (100%) were all high in diagnosis of venous malformation. The sensitivity and specificity of multiple hyperechoic interval to diagnose venous malformation was 72.41% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Color Doppler ultrasound is noninvasive, inexpensive and accurate in diagnosis of deep-seated facial and cervical lymphatic malformation and venous malformation. Multiple hyperechoic interval with arterial blood flow signals could support the diagnosis of lymphatic malformation, whereas hypoechoic thrombosis or high echo vein stone in the lesion and flow signals under probe pressure would help to confirm venous malformation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immediate oral appliances in diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome XU Lei, SUN Hong-xia, YAO Kan, LU Xiao-feng 2015, 13 (1):  58-62.  Abstract ( 345 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (713KB) ( 379 )   PURPOSES: To investigate the role of immediate oral appliances in diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS: Fifty-three patients (45 males, 8 females) with mild, moderate and severe OSAHS confirmed by polysomnogram (PSG) were included in this study. All the patients were evaluated by nasal resistance detection and cephalometric analysis before therapy. Meanwhile, immediate oral appliances were used with the evaluation of PSG. Paired t test and multiple linear regression analysis were carried out using SPSS 17.0 software package. RESULTS: There were significant differences in parameters evaluated between pretreatment and post treatment with immediate oral appliances both subjectively and objectively. It was found that the therapeutic effect of oral appliances had a significant difference with the changes of age, BMI, AHI before treatment, the horizontal distance between the upper and lower incisors wearing oral appliance and distance of overbite (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression equation on the treatment of immediate oral appliances was: =67.956-0.731x1-1.954x2+0.411x3+9.263x4 (x1: age, x2: BMI, x3: AHI before treatment, x4: the horizontal distance between the upper and lower incisors), P<0.01, R2=0.472. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate oral appliances could not only predict the therapeutic effect of oral appliances, but also provide support for subsequent treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of multiple plane operations in the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome LIU Zhong-yin, ZHANG Zong-de, TANG Xiao-yu, ZHAO Hao, FENG Xiao-dong, FU Sen-bo 2015, 13 (1):  63-67.  Abstract ( 373 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1391KB) ( 426 )   PURPOSE：To evaluate the effect of multiple plane operations in the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and introduce the clinical experience of improving curative effect and reducing recurrence. METHODS: The clinical data of 21 patients with severe OSAHS were retrospectively analyzed. The 21 cases had definite diagnosis by X-ray cephalometry, nasopharyngeal fiberscope, PSG and clinical examination before operation. Preoperative PSG monitoring showed AHI was 58.8-74.0 (mean 67.8), the minimum SaO2 was 0.25-0.67 (mean 0.46). LOSAT was 52-77 s (mean 63.3 s). All patients underwent two planes operations or more in the same term as below: modification of nasal septum deviation, partial middle turbinectomy and inferior turbinectomy, functional ethmoidectomy or maxillary sinus cystectomy with nasal endoscope, UPPP, tonsillectomy and GAHM. All patients underwent PSG examination and 15 cases were treated by nCPAP before operation. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for 8-68 months, twenty-one cases achieved primary healing and had no waking at night due to suffocating. Clinical symptoms disappeared or relieved markedly. Sleep snoring disappeared in 8 cases, while 13 cases still had slight or moderate snoring. Postoperative PSG monitoring showed AHI was 10.2 -24.2 (mean 20.3), the minimum SaO2 was 0.82-0.99 (mean 0.91), LOSAT was 11 s- 35 s (mean 17.9 s). CONCLUSIONS: Severe OSAHS with multi-level obstructions in upper airway caliber, such as nasal nasopharyngeal, velo-pharyngeal and tongue-pharyngeal obstruction can be treated by multiple plane operations simultaneously, which can improve the outcome and shorten the treatment course. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mandibular symphyseal and parasymphyseal fracture combined with dislocated intracapsular condyle fractures: analysis of treatment results in 28 consecutive cases XU Xiao-feng, SHI Jun, XU Bing, SU Jia-nan 2015, 13 (1):  68-72.  Abstract ( 345 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1240KB) ( 293 )   PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment results of mandibular symphyseal and parasymphyseal fracture combined with dislocated intracapsular condyle fractures in 28 consecutive cases. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients treated in our department during 2008 to 2013 were included in this study, in which 22 sides were treated by open reduction and the medial condylar fragments were fixed with titanium screws, while the other 22 sides underwent conservative close treatment. The treatment outcomes were followed up, evaluated and analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software package for Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Seventeen of 22 condyle fractures were repositioned in surgery group which was much better than 4 of 22 in close treatment group (P<0.01). Functional outcomes of the patients treated with surgical treatment group were better than the close treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: The dislocated intracapsular condyle fractures should be treated by surgical reduction with the maintenance of the attachment of lateral pterygoid muscle in this kind of fracture, because it is beneficial to repositioning the condyle fractures, closing the lingual gap and maintaining the width of mandible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison among spiral CT, cone-beam CT and MRI in the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders WANG Liu-lan, SUN Qi, DONG Min-jun, TAO Xiao-feng 2015, 13 (1):  73-77.  Abstract ( 801 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (785KB) ( 643 )   PURPOSE: To investigate the difference between spiral CT, cone-beam CT (CBCT) and MRI in radiologic examination of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 208 TMJs from 104 patients was obtained by using spiral CT, CBCT or MRI examination of TMDs. Each side of the joint space,articular disc,bone change of the condyle and joint effusion were evaluated and compared among the 3 groups by 2 independent radiologists. The data was analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package. RESULTS: Except significant difference in the right-anterior and left-superior joint space between spiral CT group and CBCT group (P<0.05), the other groups had no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The articular disc can not be clearly shown by CBCT and spiral CT, but it can be displayed completely by MRI scanner. In 208 TMJs from 104 patients, there was no significant difference in the bone changes of condyle between spiral CT and CBCT group (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between spiral CT and MRI group, CBCT and MRI group, respectively. The structure of the bone trabeculae was displayed clearly only by CBCT. Meanwhile, only MRI scanner revealed the joint effusion clearly and the rate of display was 18.27%. CONCLUSIONS: Spiral CT, CBCT and MRI are valuable in the diagnosis of TMD. Among them, MRI could displayed the disc more distinctly than spiral CT and CBCT. Spiral CT, CBCT and MRI can accurately display the joint space, and their reconstruction images of the joint space are the same. Only CBCT can display the structure of the condylar trabeculae clearly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Clinical Reports

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Treatment of osteochondroma concurrent synovial chondromatosis in condyle: report of 3 cases WANG Yi-wen, LI Ling-zhi, WANG Li-zhen, CHEN Min-jie, YANG Chi 2015, 13 (1):  78-81.  Abstract ( 625 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1005KB) ( 501 )   PURPOSE: To explore the diagnosis and treatment of patients who suffered from primary osteochondroma (OC) concurrent synovial chondromatosis (SC) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ). METHODS: Patients who suffered from OC or SC treated in our hospital during 2001 to 2013 were reviewed, among them 3 were diagnosed as primary OC concurrent SC. The medical history, clinical manifestations, radiographic examination, pathological features, and follow-up results three months to five years after surgery were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide exact preoperative diagnosis. The presence of loose cartilage or calcification bodies in OC indicated the possibility of OC concurrent SC. CONCLUSIONS: Attention should be paid to the presence of loose bodies during treatment, which suggests the possibility of OC concurrent SC, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Removal of broken roots in maxillary sinus under endoscope HU Yi-ping, JIN Gui-fang 2015, 13 (1):  82-84.  Abstract ( 466 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (502KB) ( 393 )   PURPOSE: To introduce the technique of minimally invasive removal of broken roots in maxillary sinus under endoscope. METHODS: Eleven cases were included in this clinical study （twelve broken roots dislocated into maxillary sinus due to improper treatment）, alveolar socket pathway was chosen to remove the roots in 8 cases, opening window around canine fossa was used to remove roots in 3 cases. All operations were carried out under endoscope. RESULTS: Twelve broken roots were successfully removed without any complications. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive removal of roots in maxillary sinus under endoscope is worth of wide application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review Article

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Research advances of microRNA in osteogenesis regulation WANG Feng, ZOU Duo-hong, WU Yi-qun 2015, 13 (1):  85-89.  Abstract ( 268 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (510KB) ( 296 )   The differentiation and function regulation of osteoblast rely on the co-operation between various hormones and cytokines which are locally produced. micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are single strand and non-coding RNAs which comprise 20 to 24 nucleotides in length. They are involved in the regulation of post-transcriptional events through combination of specific sequence on target RNA gene. Current literatures indicate that miRNAs can regulate the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblast, osteoclast and cartilage, and maintain the balance between bone formation and bone absorption. They also regulate the ossification of cartilage. Therefore, miRNAs are powerful regulators for biological organ development and some metabolic bone diseases. The discovery of miRNAs shows an important function containing in the noncoding region of genome. They are expected to provide potential gene therapy targets for clinical treatment of metabolic bone diseases and recovery of bone defect. This review summarized the current understanding and progress of microRNAs in osteogenesis regulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on tumor neurogenesis LU Wei, JI Tong 2015, 13 (1):  90-93.  Abstract ( 304 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (501KB) ( 349 )   The reason why few studies have been made on "neurogenesis in tumors" was based on the old-fashioned notion that tumors were not able to induce growth of fresh nerve fibers. However, it now attracts huge interests among researchers as new evidence gradually emerged in recent years. The hypothesis is presented as follows: as we all know, nerve fibers accompany blood vessels and lymphatic vessels all over the human body. Since an extensive amount of knowledge has been obtained with regard to increased angiogenesis and lymph angiogenesis within tumors, chances are that there also exists neurogenesis as well. The mutual relationships and specific functions between new nerve fibers and tumors have also been wildly contemplated by some scholars. This review was intended to discuss the current understanding of this topic and some novel findings. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Case Reports

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Recurrences of ameloblastoma in bone grafts: Report of two cases and literature review JIAN Xin-chun, ZHOU Chao, ZHU Rong, LIU De-yu, ZHENG Lian, LI Ning, ZHUO Qun-hao, WU Li-meng 2015, 13 (1):  94-96.  Abstract ( 439 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1478KB) ( 466 )   Two cases of recurrence of an ameloblastoma in autogenous rib or iliac bone graft many years after the initial operation for a mandibular ameloblastoma with evidence of soft or hard tissue invasion were presented. A review of the literature disclosed only 13 cases of recurrence of ameloblastoma in bone grafts. The initial operation in the 2 cases presented was hemimandibulectomy followed by autogenous rib or iliac bone graft. Sixteen years or fourteen years after surgery there was clinical and radiographic signs of recurrence. It was concluded that extensive resection including bone as well as adjacent soft tissues is critical because recurrence seems to come from the soft tissues, especially from the adjacent periosteum or bone. References | Related Articles | Metrics