Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of embolosclerotherapy using fibrin glue(FG) combined with pingyangmycin (PYM) in animal model of cervicofacial venous malformations(VMs). METHODS: A total of 15 sheep were selected to make animal models of VMs. The VMs animal models were divided into PYM group, FG group, and FG/PYM group , which were injected with PYM, FG and FG/PYM respectively. Four weeks after injection, the effect of embolization and sclerotherapy on vascular fibrosis were evaluated through Doppler ultrasound, gross and histological observations. RESULTS: Four weeks after PYM injection, the venous wall was slightly thickened, the pore size was slightly reduced, some vascular lumens were unobstructed, and some had thrombosis. Doppler ultrasound showed clear venous lumen and blood flow. Histological observation showed that the morphology of most venous endothelial cells and the structure of the vascular wall were basically normal. The continuity of some venous intima was incomplete, and the local intima disappeared in some vascular walls and the fibrous tissue hyperplasia could be seen. Four weeks after FG injection, Doppler ultrasound showed that venous blood flow disappeared or decreased significantly. Gross observation showed thickening of the venous wall and narrowing of the lumen, and yellow or dark red jelly-like emboli with certain toughness were observed in the lumen. Histological observation showed that the lumen had an amorphous substance, mature or immature fibrous tissue grew into the amorphous mass, and the structure of the vessel wall was unclear. Four weeks after FG/PYM injection, Doppler ultrasonography showed loss of venous blood flow. Gross observation showed obvious thickening of the venous wall, yellow or dark red emboli were seen in some venous lumens, and some lumens were basically blocked. Histological observation showed that some lumens contained an amorphous substance, a large number of mature or immature fibrous tissues were seen in the vascular region, and the vessel wall structure was disappeared. Histological examination showed that some lumens were amorphous, a large number of mature or immature fibrous tissues were seen in the vascular region, and the vessel wall structure disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: Embolization and sclerotherapy with FG combined with PYM has shown good effect in promoting the destruction of vascular endothelial cells and vascular fibrosis. The results reveal the potential advantages and application prospects of this technique in the treatment cervicofacial VMs.

Key words: Venous malformation, Experimental study, Embolization, Sclerotherapy, Cervicofacial, Sheep