Clinical application and effect evaluation of “V” and “+” type gingival flaps at phase 2 implant surgery

Abstract

Abstract: PURPOSE : The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the gingival effects by using "V" and "+" type gingival flaps at phase 2 implant surgery. METHODS : Two hundred and seventeen patients were included and 331 implants were placed into the aesthetic zone (97) and the molar region(234). During phase 2 implant surgery, "V" and "+" type gingival flap was used in the aesthetic zone and the molar region, respectively. Pink esthetic scores (PES) analysis was made in the aesthetic zone at different time points after flap surgery. The data was analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS : Three hundred and thirty-one implants showed good functions. The PES index showed a continuous improvement change in the lip side gingival of the aesthetic zone . In the molar region, 97.86 % implants acquired good gingival sleeves 2 weeks to 3 weeks after flap surgery and 94.44% implants maintained satisfactory gingival shapes 6 months to one year after flap surgery. CONCLUSIONS : "V" and “+” type of gingival flaps exhibited satisfactory clinical effects with the advantages of simple operations and less trauma.

Key words: Dental implant, Increment of gingival tissues, Clinical study

CLC Number:

R782.1

LIN Cheng, ZHANG Xiao-wen, BA Jiao-jiao, LI Ya-mei, AI Juan, BAO Fei.. Clinical application and effect evaluation of “V” and “+” type gingival flaps at phase 2 implant surgery[J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2015, 13(6): 525-529.

References

[1] Fürhauser R, Florescu D, Benesch T, et al. Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2005, 16(6): 639-644.
[2] Schneider D, Grunder U, Ender A, et al. Volume gain and stability of peri-implant tissue following bone and soft tissue augmentation: 1-year results from a prospective cohort study [J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2011, 22(1): 28-37.
[3] Clementini M, Morlupi A, Canullo L, et al. Success rate of dental implants inserted in horizontal and vertical guided bone regenerated areas: a systematic review [J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2012, 41(7): 847-852.
[4] Man Y, Wang Y, Qu Y, et al. A palatal roll envelope technique for peri-implant mucosa reconstruction: a prospective case series study [J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2013, 42(5): 660-665.
[5] Khoury F, Happe A. Soft tissue management in oral implantology: a review of surgical techniques for shaping an esthetic and functional peri-implant soft tissues structure [J]. Quintessence Int, 2000, 31(7): 483-499.
[6] Barone R, Clauser C, Prato GP. Localized soft tissue ridge augmentation at phase 2 implant surgery: a case report [J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1999, 19(2): 141-145.
[7] Landsberg CJ. The eversed crestal flap: a surgical modification in endosseous implant procedures [J]. Quintessence Int, 1994, 25(4): 229-232.
[8] Landsberg CJ. Socket seal surgery combined with immediate implant placement: a novel approach for single-tooth replacement [J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1997, 17(2): 141-149.
[9] Nemcovsky CE, Moses O, Artzi Z, et al. Clinical coverage of dehiscence defects in immediate implant procedures: three surgical modalities to achieve primary soft tissue closure [J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000, 15(6): 843-852.
[10] Jemt T. Regeneration of gingival papillae after single-implant treatment [J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1997, 17(4): 326-333.
[11] Choquet V, Hermans M, Adriaenssens P, et al. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the papilla level adjacent to single-tooth dental implants. A retrospective study in the maxillary anterior region [J]. J Periodontol, 2001, 72(10): 1364-1371.
[12] Gomez-Roman G. Influence of flap design on peri-implant interproximal crestal bone loss around single-tooth implants [J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2001, 16(1): 61-67.
[13] Migliorati M, Amorfini L, Signori A, et al. Clinical and aesthetic outcome with post-extractive implants with or without soft tissue augmentation: a 2-year randomized clinical trial [J]. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res, 2015,17(5):983-995.

[1]	SUN Si-min, ZHANG Sen-lin. Dental implant placement by means of dynamic navigation following free fibula flap reconstruction for mandibular defect: a case report [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2024, 22(5): 513-517.
[2]	WANG Jing-fu, ZHANG Ning, YANG Yong, ZHANG Wei-han, CHANG Xin. Measurements of morphological characteristics of incisal canals in 65 middle-aged and elderly patients by CBCT [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2024, 22(4): 385-389.
[3]	PAN Xu-zhen, WANG Yu-jun. Comparison of the application effects of three occlusal papers in artificial dental implantation [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2024, 22(1): 63-67.
[4]	WEI Hong-bo, ZHOU Ming-hao, LI De-hua. Evaluation of the implant navigation virtual teaching system for dental undergraduates [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2023, 21(5): 502-505.
[5]	ZENG Ling-zi, MO An-chun. Progress on application of platelet-rich fibrin in dental implantology [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2023, 21(5): 518-521.
[6]	WANG He-jing, ZHANG Cai-xin, XUN Xing-xiang, HAN Lin-zi, YAN Ting-ting, XU Xiao, YUAN Rong-tao. Osteogenic role of bone substitute in maxillary sinus augmentation and simultaneous implantation [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2023, 21(3): 218-224.
[7]	DAI Xiao-feng, HUANG Xin, LI Cheng, WANG Chen-xin, SHI Le, YU You-cheng. Comparative study on accuracy of 2 kinds of CAD/CAM dental digital guide plates in dental implantation [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2023, 21(1): 29-35.
[8]	JIN Xia-yue, GU Yin-xin. Research progress of the effect of osteoporosis on dental implant restoration [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2023, 21(1): 81-86.
[9]	GU Yu-wei, WANG Feng, HUANG Wei, ZHANG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Chen-ping, SUN Jian, WU Yi-qun. Long-term performance of dental implants in vascularized iliac crest grafts for mandibular reconstruction in 14 consecutive patients [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2022, 20(5): 422-428.
[10]	GU Yu-wei, WANG Feng, HUANG Wei, ZHANG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Chen-ping, SUN Jian, WU Yi-qun. Long-term performance of dental implants in vascularized iliac crest grafts for mandibular reconstruction in 14 consecutive patients [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2022, 20(5): 488-493.
[11]	ZHU Qing-qing, SUN Qiang, WANG Dong-ling, ZHOU Hong. Efficacy of I.lanceolatum injection on postoperative reaction following dental implant surgery [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2022, 20(3): 230-234.
[12]	MA Jie, WANG Qi-shuai, ZHANG Bing-hua, CHEN Tian-tian, CAI Guo-ping, SONG Tao. The effect of oral implant-abutment microgaps closed by sealing materials on implant-supported prosthesis, surrounding bone [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2022, 20(2): 117-122.
[13]	WANG Hui-li, XIE Bing, WEI Yu-hong. Effect of exogenous bFGF on osseointegration of titanium implants in type 2 diabetic rats and its possible mechanism [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2022, 20(1): 22-27.
[14]	ZHANG Chu-nan, ZHAO Xu, QIAO Shi-chong, ZHANG Xiao-meng, GU Ying-xin. Hard and soft tissue alterations around bone-level implants with different depths in fresh extraction sockets: a histomorphometric study [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2021, 19(3): 193-196.
[15]	YANG Lu-peng, FAN Lin-feng, SHI Jun-yu, ZHANG Xiao, GU Ying-xin, ZHANG Chu-nan. Angulated screw channel restored with monolithic zirconia vs. porcelain-fused-to zirconia implant crowns: a prospective clinical trial in split-mouth design [J]. China Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2021, 19(3): 222-225.