Abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of personalized gingival formers on bone and soft tissue health and gingival papillae aesthetics around maxillary single anterior dental implants in different gingival biotypes and keratinized gingival widths. METHODS: A total of 85 patients who underwent maxillary single anterior tooth implant restoration in Shaoxing Stomatological Hospital from January 2022 to May 2023 were selected and divided into 4 groups according to keratinized gingival width and gingival biotype: insufficient keratinized gingival width and thick gingival type (keratinized gingival width <2 cm, n=17), insufficient keratinized gingival width and thin gingival type(n=13), sufficient keratinized gingival width and thick gingival type(keratinized gingival width ≥2 cm, n=26), sufficient keratinized gingival width and thin gingival type(n=29). All patients received personalized gingival implants. The effects of different keratinized gingival width and gingival biotype on bone tissue, soft tissue aesthetic effect, gingival papilla aesthetic effect, soft tissue healing degree and satisfaction of aesthetic effect were compared. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: On the day after surgery, at the completion of permanent repair, and 6 months after the completion of permanent repair, the bone resorption in patients with keratinized gingiva width <2 mm was significantly higher than patients with keratinized gingival width ≥2 mm under the same gingival biological types(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in bone resorption between patients with thick gingival width and patients with thin gingival width under the same keratinized gingival width (P>0.05). At the completion of permanent repair and 6 months after the completion of permanent repair, the pink esthetic scores(PES), gingival papilae filling index (PFI) score and visual simulation score (VAS) of esthetics from patients with keratinized gingival width ≥2 mm were significantly higher than patients with keratinized gingival width <2 mm(P<0.05) under the same gingival biological types. The scores of PES, PFI and VAS in patients with thick gingival type were significantly higher than those in patients with thin gingival type(P<0.05). At 3 and 7 days after surgery, the mucosal swelling score of patients with keratinized gingival width ≥2 mm was significantly lower than that of patients with keratinized gingival width < 2 mm under the same gingival biological types(P<0.05). When the keratinized gingival width ≥2 mm, the mucosal swelling score of patients with thick gingival type was significantly lower than that of patients with thin gingival type 7 days after surgery(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bone health around the implant is closely related to the keratinized gingival width, and the gingival biotype has little effect on bone resorption around the implant. Patients with full keratinized gingival width and thick gingival type had better satisfaction with soft tissue health, gingival papillae aesthetics, soft tissue healing degree and final aesthetics.

Key words: Personalized gum shaper, Gingival biological type, Keratinized gum width, Implants, Gingival papillary aesthetics