加速康复护理对头颈部游离皮瓣移植术后患者预后影响的Meta分析

doi:10.19438/j.cjoms.2026.03.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的: 系统评价加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS）护理对头颈部游离皮瓣移植术后患者预后的影响,为临床护理方案优化提供循证依据。方法: 系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL和Cochrane Library建库至2025年4月1日的相关文献,纳入ERAS护理与常规护理对比的随机对照试验（RCT）和类实验研究（CCT）,采用 RevMan 5.4 软件进行Meta 分析。结果: 共纳入11篇文献,902例患者。ERAS护理可显著降低皮瓣坏死风险[RR=0.20,95%CI（0.08,0.51）,P=0.0008]和压力性损伤发生率[RR=0.28,95%CI（0.11,0.71）,P=0.008],缓解焦虑情绪 [SMD=-1.95,95%CI（-3.10,-0.81）,P=0.0008],减轻术后疼痛 [SMD=-1.16,95%CI（-1.48,-0.83）,P<0.00001],缩短总住院时长[SMD=-1.56,95%CI（-2.18,-0.94）,Z=4.95,P<0.00001];但在血管危象[RR=0.74,95%CI（0.31,1.75）,P=0.49]、肺部感染[RR=0.40,95%CI（0.16,1.01）,P=0.05]及伤口感染[RR=0.54,95%CI（0.29,1.03）,P=0.06]的发生率方面,与常规护理无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论: ERAS 护理不影响头颈部游离皮瓣移植术后皮瓣安全性,可有效降低压力性损伤风险、缩短住院时长、缓解焦虑与疼痛,但在肺部感染和伤口感染预防方面无明显优势,需更多高质量研究进一步验证。

关键词: 加速康复外科, 游离皮瓣移植术, 头颈部肿瘤, Meta 分析, 预后

Abstract: PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate the impact of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) nursing on the prognosis of patients after head and neck free flap transplantation, and to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing clinical nursing plans. METHODS: Databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to April 1, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing ERAS nursing with conventional nursing were included. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies involving 902 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that ERAS nursing significantly reduced the risk of flap necrosis [RR=0.20, 95%CI (0.08, 0.51), P=0.0008], pressure injury incidence [RR=0.28, 95%CI (0.11, 0.71), P=0.008], relieved anxiety [SMD=-1.95, 95%CI (-3.10, -0.81), P=0.0008], alleviated postoperative pain [SMD=-1.16, 95%CI(-1.48, -0.83), P<0.00001], and shortened total hospital stay [SMD=-1.56, 95%CI (-2.18, -0.94), Z=4.95, P<0.00001]. However, there were no significant differences between ERAS nursing and conventional nursing in the incidence of vascular crisis [RR=0.74, 95%CI (0.31, 1.75), P=0.49], pulmonary infection [RR=0.40, 95%CI (0.16, 1.01), P=0.05], and wound infection [RR=0.54, 95%CI (0.29, 1.03), P=0.06]. CONCLUSIONS: ERAS nursing does not affect flap safety after head and neck free flap transplantation, and can effectively reduce the risk of pressure injury, shorten hospital stay, and relieve anxiety and pain. However, it has no obvious advantages in preventing pulmonary infection and wound infection, and more high-quality studies are needed for further verification.

Key words: Enhanced recovery after surgery, Free flap transplantation, Head and neck tumors, Meta-analysis, Prognosis

中图分类号:

R782.2
R493

王娜, 倪晓威, 赵文波. 加速康复护理对头颈部游离皮瓣移植术后患者预后影响的Meta分析[J]. 中国口腔颌面外科杂志, 2026, 24(3): 308-316.

Wang Na, Ni Xiaowei, Zhao Wenbo. The impact of enhanced recovery after surgery nursing on the prognosis of patients undergoing head and neck free flap transplantation: a meta-analysis[J]. China J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2026, 24(3): 308-316.

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