120例口腔癌患者围术期营养风险及其影响因素分析

doi:10.19438/j.cjoms.2025.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的：调查不同阶段口腔癌围术期患者的营养风险状况及动态变化,分析影响营养风险的因素。方法：便利抽样选取南通市肿瘤医院2022年1月—2023年12月行手术治疗的口腔癌患者120例作为研究对象。采用简易营养评估量表（Short-form Mini-nutritional Assessment,MNA-SF）,分别在入院当天（T1）、术后7天（T2）和出院后1个月（T3）对患者的营养状况进行评估。采用广义估计方程,分析口腔癌患者围术期营养风险的变化轨迹及影响因素。结果：发放问卷120份,回收有效问卷108份,有效回收率为90.00%。T1时间节点,120例口腔癌患者的MNA-SF得分为（12.45±3.02）分,营养不良发生率为17.50%。T2时间节点,115例口腔癌患者的MNA-SF得分为（11.02±3.25）分,营养不良发生率为40.87%。T3时间节点,108例口腔癌患者的MNA-SF得分为（11.86±3.11）分,营养不良发生率为25.93%。广义估计方程结果显示,年龄、婚姻状况、BMI、吸烟、临床分期、皮瓣修复和气管切开是影响营养风险的显著因素（P<0.05）。结论：口腔癌围术期患者营养风险发生率较高,且营养风险轨迹随时间变化。加强老年、文化程度低、BMI低于18.5、吸烟、癌症晚期、皮瓣修复及气管切开的口腔癌患者的营养监测和管理,对纠正患者营养不良、改善预后意义重大。

关键词: 围术期, 口腔癌, 营养风险, 简易营养评估量表, 影响因素

Abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the nutritional risk status and dynamic changes of patients with oral cancer at different stages during perioperative period, and to analyze the factors affecting nutritional risk. METHODS: Convenience sampling was used to select 120 patients with oral cancer who underwent surgical treatment in Nantong Cancer Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 as the research subjects. The nutritional status of the patients was evaluated using the Short-form Mini-nutritional Assessment(MNA-SF) on the day of admission(T1), 7 days after operation(T2), and 1 month after discharge(T3), respectively. The change trajectory and influencing factors of perioperative nutritional risk in patients with oral cancer were analyzed by generalized estimation equation. RESULTS: A total of 120 questionnaires were sent out, and 108 were effectively collected, with an effective recovery rate of 90.00%. At T1 time point, the MNA-SF score of 120 patients with oral cancer was (12.45±3.02), and the incidence of malnutrition was 17.50%. At T2 time point, the MNA-SF score of 115 patients with oral cancer was (11.02±3.25), and the incidence of malnutrition was 40.87%. At T3 time point, the MNA-SF score of 108 patients with oral cancer was (11.86±3.11), and the incidence of malnutrition was 25.93%. The results of generalized estimation equation showed that age, marital status, BMI, smoking status, clinical stage, flap repair and tracheotomy were significant factors affecting nutritional risk(P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of nutritional risk is higher in perioperative patients with oral cancer, and the trajectory of nutritional risk changes with time. Strengthening nutrition monitoring and management of elderly patients with oral cancer, low education level, BMI less than 18.5, smoking, advanced cancer, flap repair and tracheotomy is of great significance for correcting malnutrition and improving prognosis.

Key words: Perioperative period, Oral cancer, Nutritional risk, MNA-SF, Influencing factor

中图分类号:

R739.8

陈敏艺, 陆周, 周晓梅, 韩靓, 顾佳佳. 120例口腔癌患者围术期营养风险及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国口腔颌面外科杂志, 2025, 23(6): 561-566.

Chen Minyi, Lu Zhou, Zhou Xiaomei, Han Liang, Gu Jiajia. Perioperative nutritional risk and its influencing factors in 120 patients with oral cancer[J]. China J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2025, 23(6): 561-566.

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