Abstract: This study systematically expounded the application status and research progress of trans oral robotic surgery (TORS) in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer. It elaborated on the indications, contraindications, and postoperative complications of TORS. Compared with traditional open surgery, TORS had significant advantages in terms of visual clarity, operational precision, and aesthetic satisfaction. Clinical data showed that TORS demonstrates good tumor control rates and survival outcomes in early-stage and some advanced-stage oropharyngeal cancers, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers and cervical squamous cell carcinomas of unknown primary origin. At the same time, it also pointed out the shortcomings of TORS, such as the lack of tactile feedback, equipment complexity, and high costs. Future prospects focused on innovative directions such as single-port robotic systems, flexible robotic arm technology, and intraoperative fluorescence navigation imaging. These technological innovations are expected to further improve the oncological efficacy and functional prognosis of oropharyngeal cancer treatment by expanding the scope of anatomical adaptation and optimizing tumor boundary recognition capabilities.

Key words: Oropharyngeal cancer, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, da Vinci surgical robot, Minimally invasive surgery, Tumor treatment